# 最常用這種
my_object = {
  "a": 5,
  "b": 6
}
# 如果你不喜歡寫大括號和雙引號：
my_object = dict(a=5, b=6)

a = { "a": 5, "b": 5 }
b = { "c": 5, "d": 5 }
c = { **a, **b } #最簡單的方式
assert c == { "a": 5, "b": 5, "c": 5, "d": 5 }

# 合并后還要修改，可以這樣：
c = { **a, **b, "a": 10 }
assert c == { "a": 10, "b": 5, "c": 5, "d": 5 }
b["a"] = 10
c = { **a, **b }
assert c == { "a": 10, "b": 5, "c": 5, "d": 5 }

# 使用字典推導式來刪除 key
a = dict(a=5, b=6, c=7, d=8)
remove = set(["c", "d"])
a = { k: v for k,v in a.items() if k not in remove }
# a = { "a": 5, "b": 6 }

# 使用字典推導式來保留 key
a = dict(a=5, b=6, c=7, d=8)
keep = remove
a = { k: v for k,v in a.items() if k in keep }
# a = { "c": 7, "d": 8 }

# 使用字典推導式來讓所有的 value 加 1
a = dict(a=5, b=6, c=7, d=8)
a = { k: v+1 for k,v in a.items() }
# a = { "a": 6, "b": 7, "c": 8, "d": 9 }

from collections import Counter

counter = Counter()
#counter 可以統計 list 里面元素的頻率
counter.update(['a','b','a']
#此時 counter = Counter({'a': 2, 'b': 1})

#合并計數
counter.update({ "a": 10000, "b": 1 })
# Counter({'a': 10002, 'b': 2})
counter["b"] += 100
# Counter({'a': 10002, 'b': 102})

print(counter.most_common())
#[('a', 10002), ('b', 102)]
print(counter.most_common(1)[0][0])
# => a

from collections import defaultdict

# 如果字典的 value 是 字典
a = defaultdict(dict)
assert a[5] == {}
a[5]["a"] = 5
assert a[5] == { "a": 5 }

# 如果字典的 value 是列表
a = defaultdict(list)
assert a[5] == []
a[5].append(3)
assert a[5] == [3]

# 字典的 value 的默認值可以是 lambda 表達式
a = defaultdict(lambda: 10)
assert a[5] == 10
assert a[6] + 1 == 11

# 字典里面又是一個字典，不用這個，你要做多少初始化操作？
a = defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(dict))
assert a[5][5] == {}

import json

a = dict(a=5, b=6)

# 字典轉 JSON 字符串
json_string = json.dumps(a)
# json_string = '{"a": 5, "b": 6}'

# JSON 字符串轉字典
assert a == json.loads(json_string)

# 字典轉 JSON 字符串保存在文件里
with open("dict.json", "w+") as f:
    json.dump(a, f)

# 從 JSON 文件里恢復字典
with open("dict.json", "r") as f:
    assert a == json.load(f)

import pandas as pd

# 字典轉 pd.DataFrame
df = pd.DataFrame([
    { "a": 5, "b": 6 },
    { "a": 6, "b": 7 }
])
# df =
#    a  b
# 0  5  6
# 1  6  7

# DataFrame 轉回字典
a = df.to_dict(orient="records")
# a = [
#    { "a": 5, "b": 6 },
#    { "a": 6, "b": 7 }
# ]

# 字典轉 pd.Series
srs = pd.Series({ "a": 5, "b": 6 })
# srs =
# a    5
# b    6
# dtype: int64

# pd.Series 轉回字典
a = srs.to_dict()
# a = {'a': 5, 'b': 6}