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ASP.NET?Core使用HttpClient調用WebService_實用技巧

作者：.NET開發菜鳥 ? 更新時間： 2022-05-29 編程語言

一、創建WebService

我們使用VS創建一個WebService，增加一個PostTest方法，方法代碼如下

using System.Web.Services;

namespace WebServiceDemo
{
    /// <summary>
    /// WebTest 的摘要說明
    /// </summary>
    [WebService(Namespace = "http://tempuri.org/")]
    [WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo = WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)]
    [System.ComponentModel.ToolboxItem(false)]
    // 若要允許使用 ASP.NET AJAX 從腳本中調用此 Web 服務，請取消注釋以下行。 
    // [System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptService]
    public class WebTest : System.Web.Services.WebService
    {

        [WebMethod]
        public string HelloWorld()
        {
            return "Hello World";
        }

        [WebMethod]
        public string PostTest(string para)
        {
            return $"返回參數{para}";
        }
    }
}

創建完成以后，我們發布WebService，并部署到IIS上面。保證可以在IIS正常瀏覽。

二、使用HttpClient調用WebService

我們使用VS創建一個ASP.NET Core WebAPI項目，由于是使用HttpClient，首先在ConfigureServices方法中進行注入

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    // 注入HttpClient
    services.AddHttpClient();
    services.AddControllers();
}

然后添加一個名為WebServiceTest的控制器，在控制器里面添加一個Get方法，在Get方法里面取調用WebService，控制器代碼如下

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Xml;

namespace HttpClientDemo.Controllers
{
    [Route("api/WebServiceTest")]
    [ApiController]
    public class WebServiceTestController : ControllerBase
    {
        readonly IHttpClientFactory _httpClientFactory;

        /// <summary>
        /// 通過構造函數實現注入
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="httpClientFactory"></param>
        public WebServiceTestController(IHttpClientFactory httpClientFactory)
        {
            _httpClientFactory = httpClientFactory;
        }

        [HttpGet]
        public async Task<string> Get()
        {
            string strResult = "";
            try
            {
                // url地址格式：WebService地址+方法名稱     
                // WebService地址：http://localhost:5010/WebTest.asmx
                // 方法名稱：  PostTest
                string url = "http://localhost:5010/WebTest.asmx/PostTest";
                // 參數
                Dictionary<string, string> dicParam = new Dictionary<string, string>();
                dicParam.Add("para", "1");
                // 將參數轉化為HttpContent
                HttpContent content = new FormUrlEncodedContent(dicParam);
                strResult = await PostHelper(url, content);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                strResult = ex.Message;
            }

            return strResult;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 封裝使用HttpClient調用WebService
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="url">URL地址</param>
        /// <param name="content">參數</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private async Task<string> PostHelper(string url, HttpContent content)
        {
            var result = string.Empty;
            try
            {
                using (var client = _httpClientFactory.CreateClient())
                using (var response = await client.PostAsync(url, content))
                {
                    if (response.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.OK)
                    {
                        result = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
                        XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
                        doc.LoadXml(result);
                        result = doc.InnerText;
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                result = ex.Message;
            }
            return result;
        }
    }
}

然后啟動調試，查看輸出結果

調試的時候可以看到返回結果，在看看頁面返回的結果?

這樣就完成了WebService的調用。生產環境中我們可以URL地址寫在配置文件里面，然后程序里面去讀取配置文件內容，這樣就可以實現動態調用WebService了。我們對上面的方法進行改造，在appsettings.json文件里面配置URL地址

{
  "Logging": {
    "LogLevel": {
      "Default": "Information",
      "Microsoft": "Warning",
      "Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime": "Information"
    }
  },
  "AllowedHosts": "*",
  // url地址
  "url": "http://localhost:5010/WebTest.asmx/PostTest"
}

修改控制器的Get方法

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Xml;

namespace HttpClientDemo.Controllers
{
    [Route("api/WebServiceTest")]
    [ApiController]
    public class WebServiceTestController : ControllerBase
    {
        readonly IHttpClientFactory _httpClientFactory;
        readonly IConfiguration _configuration;

        /// <summary>
        /// 通過構造函數實現注入
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="httpClientFactory"></param>
        public WebServiceTestController(IHttpClientFactory httpClientFactory, IConfiguration configuration)
        {
            _httpClientFactory = httpClientFactory;
            _configuration = configuration;
        }

        [HttpGet]
        public async Task<string> Get()
        {
            string strResult = "";
            try
            {
                // url地址格式：WebService地址+方法名稱     
                // WebService地址：http://localhost:5010/WebTest.asmx
                // 方法名稱：  PostTest
                // 讀取配置文件里面設置的URL地址
                //string url = "http://localhost:5010/WebTest.asmx/PostTest";
                string url = _configuration["url"];
                // 參數
                Dictionary<string, string> dicParam = new Dictionary<string, string>();
                dicParam.Add("para", "1");
                // 將參數轉化為HttpContent
                HttpContent content = new FormUrlEncodedContent(dicParam);
                strResult = await PostHelper(url, content);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                strResult = ex.Message;
            }

            return strResult;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 封裝使用HttpClient調用WebService
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="url">URL地址</param>
        /// <param name="content">參數</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private async Task<string> PostHelper(string url, HttpContent content)
        {
            var result = string.Empty;
            try
            {
                using (var client = _httpClientFactory.CreateClient())
                using (var response = await client.PostAsync(url, content))
                {
                    if (response.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.OK)
                    {
                        result = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
                        XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
                        doc.LoadXml(result);
                        result = doc.InnerText;
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                result = ex.Message;
            }
            return result;
        }
    }
}

這樣就可以動態調用WebService了。?

原文鏈接：https://www.cnblogs.com/dotnet261010/p/12631911.html

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