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C語言?智能指針?shared_ptr?和?weak_ptr_C 語言

作者:哈利馬其 ? 更新時間: 2022-06-12 編程語言

weak_ptr引入可以解決shared_ptr交叉引用時無法釋放資源的問題。

示例代碼:

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>

using namespace std;

class B;

class A{
public:
? ? A(){cout << "A constructor ... "<< endl;}
? ? ~A(){cout << "A destructor ..." << endl;}
? ? std::shared_ptr<B> pb;
};

class B{
public:
? ? B(){cout << "B constructor ... "<< endl;}
? ? ~B(){cout << "B destructor ..." << endl;}
? ? std::shared_ptr<A> pa;
};

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
? ??
? ? std::shared_ptr<int> a = std::make_shared<int>(3);
? ? std::shared_ptr<char> b = std::make_shared<char>('a');
? ??
? ? std::cout << "shared_ptr object(int) size = " << sizeof(a) << std::endl;
? ? std::cout << "shared_ptr object(char) size = " << sizeof(b) << std::endl;
? ??
? ? std::weak_ptr<A> shadow_a;
? ? std::weak_ptr<B> shadow_b;
? ??
? ? {
? ? std::shared_ptr<A> ptr_a = std::make_shared<A>();
? ? std::shared_ptr<B> ptr_b = std::make_shared<B>();
? ??
? ? shadow_a = ptr_a;
? ? shadow_b = ptr_b;
? ??
? ? ptr_a->pb = ptr_b;
? ? ptr_b->pa = ptr_a;
? ??
? ? cout << "reference count of A = " << shadow_a.use_count() << endl;
? ? cout << "reference count of B = " << shadow_b.use_count() << endl;
? ? cout << endl;?
? ? }
? ??
? ? cout << "reference count of A = " << shadow_a.use_count() << endl;
? ? cout << "reference count of B = " << shadow_b.use_count() << endl;
? ??
? ? std::cout << "Hello, world!" << std::endl;
? ? return 0;
}

運行代碼得到以下輸出:

shared_ptr object(int) size = 16
shared_ptr object(char) size = 16
A constructor ...?
B constructor ...?
reference count of A = 2
reference count of B = 2

reference count of A = 1
reference count of B = 1
Hello, world!

從結果可以看出,由于交叉引用導致申請的內存A,B無法正常釋放。
為什么會這樣呢?這個應該從析構原理進行考慮,shared_ptr引用計數需要為0才會進行析構!但是ptr_a離開作用域會導致A引用計數減少1,但是A的引用計數此時為1,那么 pb不會釋放;同理,ptr_b離開作用域會導致B引用計數減少1,但是B的引用計數為此時為1,那么pa不會釋放。如此導致了資源無法釋放掉。
由于weak_ptr并不會改變shared_ptr的引用計數,所以修改類A,和類B中的shared_ptr對象為weak_ptr對象即可釋放資源。

修改后的代碼如下:

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>

using namespace std;

class B;

class A{
public:
? ? A(){cout << "A constructor ... "<< endl;}
? ? ~A(){cout << "A destructor ..." << endl;}
? ? //std::shared_ptr<B> pb;
? ? std::weak_ptr<B> pb;
};

class B{
public:
? ? B(){cout << "B constructor ... "<< endl;}
? ? ~B(){cout << "B destructor ..." << endl;}
? ? //std::shared_ptr<A> pa;
? ? std::weak_ptr<A> pa;
};

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
? ??
? ? std::shared_ptr<int> a = std::make_shared<int>(3);
? ? std::shared_ptr<char> b = std::make_shared<char>('a');
? ??
? ? std::cout << "shared_ptr object(int) size = " << sizeof(a) << std::endl;
? ? std::cout << "shared_ptr object(char) size = " << sizeof(b) << std::endl;
? ??
? ? std::weak_ptr<A> shadow_a;
? ? std::weak_ptr<B> shadow_b;
? ??
? ? {
? ? std::shared_ptr<A> ptr_a = std::make_shared<A>();
? ? std::shared_ptr<B> ptr_b = std::make_shared<B>();
? ??
? ? shadow_a = ptr_a;
? ? shadow_b = ptr_b;
? ??
? ? ptr_a->pb = ptr_b;
? ? ptr_b->pa = ptr_a;
? ??
? ? cout << "reference count of A = " << shadow_a.use_count() << endl;
? ? cout << "reference count of B = " << shadow_b.use_count() << endl;
? ? cout << endl;?
? ? }
? ??
? ? cout << "reference count of A = " << shadow_a.use_count() << endl;
? ? cout << "reference count of B = " << shadow_b.use_count() << endl;
? ??
? ? std::cout << "Hello, world!" << std::endl;
? ? return 0;
}

運行結果如下,可以正常釋放資源。

shared_ptr object(int) size = 16
shared_ptr object(char) size = 16
A constructor ...?
B constructor ...?
reference count of A = 1
reference count of B = 1

B destructor ...
A destructor ...
reference count of A = 0
reference count of B = 0
Hello, world!

原文鏈接:https://blog.csdn.net/lybhit/article/details/122799780

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