func main() {
    cmd := exec.Command("ls", "-lah")
    out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("cmd.Run() failed with %s\n", err)
    }
    fmt.Printf("combined out:\n%s\n", string(out))
}

func main() {
    out, err := exec.Command("date").Output()
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
    fmt.Printf("The date is %s\n", out)
}

func main() {
    cmd := exec.Command("ls", "-lah")
    var stdin, stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
    cmd.Stdin = &stdin
    cmd.Stdout = &stdout
    cmd.Stderr = &stderr
    err := cmd.Run()
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("cmd.Run() failed with %s\n", err)
    }
    outStr, errStr := string(stdout.Bytes()), string(stderr.Bytes())
    fmt.Printf("out:\n%s\nerr:\n%s\n", outStr, errStr)
}

func main() {
    cmd := exec.Command("ls", "-lah")
    cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
    cmd.Stderr = os.Stdout
    err := cmd.Run()
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("cmd.Run() failed with %s\n", err)
    }
}

package main

import (
? ? "bytes"
? ? "fmt"
? ? "io"
? ? "log"
? ? "os"
? ? "os/exec"
)

func main() {
? ? var stdoutBuf, stderrBuf bytes.Buffer
? ? cmd := exec.Command("bash", "-c", "for i in 1 2 3 4;do echo $i;sleep 2;done")
? ? stdoutIn, _ := cmd.StdoutPipe()
? ? stderrIn, _ := cmd.StderrPipe()
? ? var errStdout, errStderr error
? ? stdout := io.MultiWriter(os.Stdout, &stdoutBuf)
? ? stderr := io.MultiWriter(os.Stderr, &stderrBuf)
? ? err := cmd.Start()
? ? if err != nil {
? ? ? ? log.Fatalf("cmd.Start() failed with '%s'\n", err)
? ? }
? ? go func() {
? ? ? ? _, errStdout = io.Copy(stdout, stdoutIn)
? ? }()
? ? go func() {
? ? ? ? _, errStderr = io.Copy(stderr, stderrIn)
? ? }()
? ? err = cmd.Wait()
? ? if err != nil {
? ? ? ? log.Fatalf("cmd.Run() failed with %s\n", err)
? ? }
? ? if errStdout != nil || errStderr != nil {
? ? ? ? log.Fatal("failed to capture stdout or stderr\n")
? ? }
? ? outStr, errStr := string(stdoutBuf.Bytes()), string(stderrBuf.Bytes())
? ? fmt.Printf("\nout:\n%s\nerr:\n%s\n", outStr, errStr)
}

func main() {
    cmd := exec.Command("bash", "-c", "programToExecute")
    additionalEnv := "programToExecute=ls"
    newEnv := append(os.Environ(), additionalEnv)
    cmd.Env = newEnv
    out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("cmd.Run() failed with %s\n", err)
    }
    fmt.Printf("%s", out)
}

func checkLsExists() {
    path, err := exec.LookPath("ls")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("didn't find 'ls' executable\n")
    } else {
        fmt.Printf("'ls' executable is in '%s'\n", path)
    }
}

func main() {
    c1 := exec.Command("ls")
    c2 := exec.Command("wc", "-l")
    r, w := io.Pipe() 
    c1.Stdout = w
    c2.Stdin = r
    var b2 bytes.Buffer
    c2.Stdout = &b2
    c1.Start()
    c2.Start()
    c1.Wait()
    w.Close()
    c2.Wait()
    io.Copy(os.Stdout, &b2)
}

func main() {
    c1 := exec.Command("ls")
    c2 := exec.Command("wc", "-l")
    c2.Stdin, _ = c1.StdoutPipe()
    c2.Stdout = os.Stdout
    _ = c2.Start()
    _ = c1.Run()
    _ = c2.Wait()
}

func main() {
    c := exec.Command("ls", "|", "wc", "-l")
    c.Stdout = os.Stdout
    _ = c.Run()
}

func main() {
    cmd := "cat /proc/cpuinfo | egrep '^model name' | uniq | awk '{print substr($0, index($0,$4))}'"
    out, err := exec.Command("bash", "-c", cmd).Output()
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("Failed to execute command: %s", cmd)
    }
    fmt.Println(string(out))
}

func main() {
    cmd := exec.Command("ls", "-la")
    stdout, _ := cmd.StdoutPipe()
    cmd.Start()
    reader := bufio.NewReader(stdout)
    for {
        line, err := reader.ReadString('\n')
        line = strings.TrimSpace(line)
        if err != nil || io.EOF == err {
            break
        }
        log.Println(line)
    }
    cmd.Wait()
}

func RunCommand(name string, args ...string) (stdout string, stderr string, exitCode int) {
? ? log.Println("run command:", name, args)
? ? var outbuf, errbuf bytes.Buffer
? ? cmd := exec.Command(name, args...)
? ? cmd.Stdout = &outbuf
? ? cmd.Stderr = &errbuf

? ? err := cmd.Run()
? ? stdout = outbuf.String()
? ? stderr = errbuf.String()

? ? if err != nil {
? ? ? ? // try to get the exit code
? ? ? ? if exitError, ok := err.(*exec.ExitError); ok {
? ? ? ? ? ? ws := exitError.Sys().(syscall.WaitStatus)
? ? ? ? ? ? exitCode = ws.ExitStatus()
? ? ? ? } else {
? ? ? ? ? ? // This will happen (in OSX) if `name` is not available in $PATH,
? ? ? ? ? ? // in this situation, exit code could not be get, and stderr will be
? ? ? ? ? ? // empty string very likely, so we use the default fail code, and format err
? ? ? ? ? ? // to string and set to stderr
? ? ? ? ? ? log.Printf("Could not get exit code for failed program: %v, %v", name, args)
? ? ? ? ? ? exitCode = defaultFailedCode
? ? ? ? ? ? if stderr == "" {
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? stderr = err.Error()
? ? ? ? ? ? }
? ? ? ? }
? ? } else {
? ? ? ? // success, exitCode should be 0 if go is ok
? ? ? ? ws := cmd.ProcessState.Sys().(syscall.WaitStatus)
? ? ? ? exitCode = ws.ExitStatus()
? ? }
? ? log.Printf("command result, stdout: %v, stderr: %v, exitCode: %v", stdout, stderr, exitCode)
? ? return
}