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fastlane自動化打包iOS?APP過程示例_IOS

作者:QiShare ? 更新時間: 2022-09-13 編程語言

概述

APP自動化打包常見的主流工具有JenkinsfastlaneJenkins功能強大,但是需要的配置也比較多,團隊較大的可以優先考慮,fastlane是用Ruby語言編寫的一套自動化工具集,比較輕便,配置簡單,使用起來也很方便。本文會詳細的介紹fastlane從安裝到上傳APP到蒲公英的整個流程。

fastlane的安裝

第一步

因為fastlane是用Ruby語言編寫的工具,所以必須保證已經配置好了Ruby開發環境。可以使用如下命令行查看是否安裝了Ruby:

ruby -v

如果有以下提示說明,你已經安裝了Ruby:

ruby 2.7.0p0 (2019-12-25 revision 647ee6f091) [x86_64-darwin21]

如果沒有安裝需要先安裝ruby,本文對安裝ruby不作教程說明。

第二步

安裝Xcode命令行工具

xcode-select --install

如果沒有安裝,命令會有提示框,根據提示一步一步安裝即可。 如果出現以下命令提示,說明已經安裝成功:

xcode-select: error: command line tools are already installed, use "Software Update" to install updates

第三步:

Ruby和Xcode環境都配置好之后,執行以下命令來安裝fastlane:

sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin fastlane

安裝完成之后,輸入以下命令查看是否安裝成功:

fastlane --version

出現以下提示說明你已經安裝成功了:

fastlane installation at path:
/Users/xxxxxx/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.7.0/gems/fastlane-2.206.1/bin/fastlane
-----------------------------
[?] ?? 
fastlane 2.206.1

fastlane的配置

到你的iOS項目下,執行初始化命令:

fastlane init

命令執行完成之后會給出我們如下幾個提示:

[?] ?? 
[?] Looking for iOS and Android projects in current directory...
[16:54:04]: Created new folder './fastlane'.
[16:54:04]: Detected an iOS/macOS project in the current directory: 'xxxx.xcworkspace'
[16:54:04]: -----------------------------
[16:54:04]: --- Welcome to fastlane ?? ---
[16:54:04]: -----------------------------
[16:54:04]: fastlane can help you with all kinds of automation for your mobile app
[16:54:04]: We recommend automating one task first, and then gradually automating more over time
[16:54:04]: What would you like to use fastlane for?
1. ??  Automate screenshots
2. ?????  Automate beta distribution to TestFlight
3. ??  Automate App Store distribution
4. ??  Manual setup - manually setup your project to automate your tasks
?  

命令執行到最后有What would you like to use fastlane for?提示,此時fastlane列出幾個選項,需要我們告訴它使用fastlane需要執行哪種操作:

  • 第一種獲取App Store的App預覽照片。
  • 第二種打包上傳至TestFlight工具上。
  • 第三種打包上傳到App Store。
  • 第四種自定義打包方式。

以上四種方式根據自己的需要自行選擇,本文主要介紹打包上傳至第三方平臺,所以選擇4自定義打包方式。選擇完成之后,fastlane會在我們項目中創建fastlane文件

[16:54:32]: ------------------------------------------------------------
[16:54:32]: --- Setting up fastlane so you can manually configure it ---
[16:54:32]: ------------------------------------------------------------
[16:54:32]: Installing dependencies for you...
[16:54:32]: $ bundle update
[16:54:40]: --------------------------------------------------------
[16:54:40]: --- ?  Successfully generated fastlane configuration ---
[16:54:40]: --------------------------------------------------------
[16:54:40]: Generated Fastfile at path `./fastlane/Fastfile`
[16:54:40]: Generated Appfile at path `./fastlane/Appfile`
[16:54:40]: Gemfile and Gemfile.lock at path `Gemfile`
[16:54:40]: Please check the newly generated configuration files into git along with your project
[16:54:40]: This way everyone in your team can benefit from your fastlane setup
[16:54:40]: Continue by pressing Enter ?

創建好fastlane文件夾之后,Appfile是編輯我們相關App和開發者賬號信息的,一般不需要我們去手動修改。Fastfile是我們對自動打包這個過程的完整配置,默認的Fastfile文件內容如下:

# This file contains the fastlane.tools configuration
# You can find the documentation at https://docs.fastlane.tools
#
# For a list of all available actions, check out
#
#     https://docs.fastlane.tools/actions
#
# For a list of all available plugins, check out
#
#     https://docs.fastlane.tools/plugins/available-plugins
#
# Uncomment the line if you want fastlane to automatically update itself
# update_fastlane
default_platform(:ios)
platform :ios do
  desc "Description of what the lane does"
  lane :custom_lane do
    # add actions here: https://docs.fastlane.tools/actions
  end
end

打包并自動上傳 App 到蒲公英

安裝蒲公英的 fastlane 插件

fastlane add_plugin pgyer

編輯Fastlane 的配置文件 fastlane/Fastfile

lane :develop do
   target = "demo"
   configuration = "Debug"
   gym(scheme: target, configuration: configuration, export_method:"development")
   pgyer(api_key: "7f15xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx141", user_key: "4a5bcxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx3a9e")
end

以下是蒲公英平臺的說明:

  • 以上的 api_keyuser_key,請開發者在自己賬號下的 應用管理 - App概述 - API 中可以找到,并替換到以上相應的位置。
  • 在 Xcode 8.3 和 Xcode 8.3 以后的版本中,對于 build_appexport_method 的值,需要根據開發者的打包類型進行設置,可選的值有:app-storead-hocdevelopmententerprise。對于 Xcode 8.3 以下的版本,則不需要設置 export_method

經過以上配置后,就可以使用 Fastlane 來打包 App,并自動上傳到蒲公英了。在終端下,定位到項目所在目錄,輸入以下命令即可:

fastlane develop

在成功的情況下,可以看到類似下面的信息:

[18:37:22]: Successfully exported and compressed dSYM file
[18:37:22]: Successfully exported and signed the ipa file:
[18:37:22]: /Users/xxx/Documents/workCode/xxxxx.ipa
[18:37:22]: -------------------
[18:37:22]: --- Step: pgyer ---
[18:37:22]: -------------------
[18:37:22]: The pgyer plugin is working.
[18:37:22]: build_file: /Users/dddd/Documents/workCode/xxxx.ipa
[18:37:22]: Start upload /Users/dddd/Documents/workCode/xxx.ipa to pgyer...
[18:37:43]: Upload success. Visit this URL to see: https://www.pgyer.com/xxxxx

+------+------------------+-------------+
| ? ? ? ? ? fastlane summary ? ? ? ? ? ?|
+------+------------------+-------------+
| Step | Action ? ? ? ? ? | Time (in s) |
+------+------------------+-------------+
| 1 ? ?| default_platform | 0 ? ? ? ? ? |
| 2 ? ?| gym ? ? ? ? ? ? ?| 61 ? ? ? ? ?|
| 3 ? ?| pgyer ? ? ? ? ? ?| 20 ? ? ? ? ?|
+------+------------------+-------------+

[18:37:43]: fastlane.tools finished successfully ??

  • 設置一個版本更新時的描述信息:
lane :develop do
  build_app(export_method: "development")
  pgyer(api_key: "7f15xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx141", user_key: "4a5bcxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx3a9e", update_description: "update by fastlane")
end

打包上傳到Testflight

在Fastfile文件中加入下面命令:

desc "打包上傳到Testflight"
  lane :beta do
    # add actions here: https://docs.fastlane.tools/actions
   target = "demo"
   configuration = "Release"
   gym(scheme: target, configuration: configuration, export_method:"app-store")
   upload_to_testflight(
 	    username: "xxxx@dd.com",
            app_identifier: "com.xxxx",
          )

在命令行輸入:

fastlane beta

打包上傳的過程中會讓你輸入蘋果賬號的密碼,并且有可能會報下面的錯:

[00:20:28]: Login successful
[00:20:31]: Ready to upload new build to TestFlight (App: fffff)...
[00:20:40]: Transporter transfer failed.
[00:20:40]:?
[00:20:40]: Please sign in with an app-specific password. You can create one at appleid.apple.com. (-22910)
[00:20:41]:?
[00:20:41]: Your account has 2 step verification enabled
[00:20:41]: Please go to https://appleid.apple.com/account/manage
[00:20:41]: and generate an application specific password for
[00:20:41]: the iTunes Transporter, which is used to upload builds
[00:20:41]:?
[00:20:41]: To set the application specific password on a CI machine using
[00:20:41]: an environment variable, you can set the
[00:20:41]: FASTLANE_APPLE_APPLICATION_SPECIFIC_PASSWORD variable

這是因為你的APPLE賬號開啟了雙重驗證,注意這句提示Please sign in with an app-specific password用app專用密碼登錄,提示你創建一個app專用密碼登錄Transporter,關于怎么創建app專用密碼本人不做講解,可以自行百度或者谷歌,使用app專用賬號即可解決此問題。

原文鏈接:https://juejin.cn/post/7112417164304318477

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