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C#通過不安全代碼看內存加載的示例詳解_C#教程

作者:桂素偉 ? 更新時間: 2022-09-14 編程語言

C#中類型分為值類型和引用類型,值類型存儲在堆棧中,是棧結構,先進后出,引用類型存儲在托管堆中。接下來用不安全代碼的地址,來看一下值類型和引用類型的存儲。

項目文件

C#中使用不安全代碼需要在項目文件中添加AllowUnsafeBlocks配置。

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
    <TargetFramework>net7.0</TargetFramework>
    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
    <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
  </PropertyGroup>
</Project>

所有的測試案例都是定義兩個特定類型的變量,然后查看它的內存地址,然后進行調用一個方法進行相加運算,然后分別在方法內輸出變量和結查內存地址,最后返回主方法后變量的內存地址。

值類型

static void TestDouble()
{
    var v1 = 1.00001d;
    var v2 = 2.00002d;
    Console.WriteLine("TestDouble v1 " + (long)&v1);
    Console.WriteLine("TestDouble v2 " + (long)&v2);
    Console.WriteLine("TestDouble v2-v1 " + ((long)&v2 - (long)&v1));
    var v3 = Add(v1, v2);
    Console.WriteLine("TestDouble v3 " + (long)&v3);
    Console.WriteLine("TestDouble v3-v2 " + ((long)&v3 - (long)&v2));
    Console.WriteLine("TestDouble v3-v1 " + ((long)&v3 - (long)&v1));
}

static double Add(double v1, double v2)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Add v1 " + (long)&v1);
    Console.WriteLine("Add v2 " + (long)&v2);
    Console.WriteLine("Add v2-v1 " + ((long)&v2 - (long)&v1));
    var v3 = v1 + v2;
    Console.WriteLine("Add v3 " + (long)&v3);
    Console.WriteLine("Add v3-v2 " + ((long)&v3 - (long)&v2));
    Console.WriteLine("Add v3-v1 " + ((long)&v3 - (long)&v1));
    return v3;
}

v1的所在內存地址大于v2,最后運算完的v3是最小的,我們可以想象,v1放在棧的最后面,地址最大,然后放v2,最后放v3。回收時的順序是反回來的。那么Add方法里,v2地址最大,但比TestDouble都要小,說明進棧要晚一些,接下來是v1進棧,最后是v3進棧,不過TestDouble里的每個變量都相差8,但方法里的就不是了,這是因為方法參數(shù),返回值等信息,還要占一些內存空間。還有TestDouble的v3為什么能和v2相差8?不是有Add方法嗎?原因是Add調用完后都出棧了,所以TestDouble的v3和v2是相鄰的。

自定義結構體

struct TestStruct
{
    public TestStruct()
    {
        i = 100;
    }
    public long i;
}
static void TestTestStruct()
{
    var v1 = new TestStruct();
    Console.WriteLine("TestStruct原v1對象地址= " + (long)&v1);
    var v2 = new TestStruct();
    Console.WriteLine("TestStruct原v2對象地址= " + (long)&v2);
    Console.WriteLine("TestStruct v2-v1 " + ((long)&v2 - (long)&v1));
    var v3 = Add(v1, v2);
    Console.WriteLine("TestStruct原v3對象地址= " + (long)&v3);
    Console.WriteLine("TestStruct v3-v2 " + ((long)&v3 - (long)&v2));
}
static TestStruct Add(TestStruct v1, TestStruct v2)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Add TestStruct v1對象地址= " + (long)&v1);
    Console.WriteLine("Add TestStruct v2對象地址= " + (long)&v2);
    Console.WriteLine("Add TestStruct  v2-v1 " + ((long)&v2 - (long)&v1));
    var v3 = new TestStruct();
    v3.i = v1.i + v2.i;
    Console.WriteLine("Add TestStruct v3對象地址" + (long)&v3);
    Console.WriteLine("Add TestStruct  v3-v2 " + ((long)&v3 - (long)&v2));
    return v3;
}

自定義struct與double類似,本質上double也是用struct定義的。

引用類型string

static void TestString()
{
    long ad1, ad2, ad3;
    var v1 = "aaaa";
    var v2 = "bbbb";
    fixed (char* p = v1)
    {
        ad1 = (long)p;
        Console.WriteLine("TestString v1字符串地址= " + (long)p);
    }
    fixed (char* p = v2)
    {
        ad2 = (long)p;
        Console.WriteLine("TestString v2字符串地址= " + (long)p);
    }
    Console.WriteLine("TestString v2-v1 " + (ad2 - ad1));
    var v3 = Add(v1, v2);
    fixed (char* p = v3)
    {
        ad3 = (long)p;
        Console.WriteLine("TestString v3字符串地址= " + (long)p);
    }
    Console.WriteLine("TestString v3-v2 " + (ad3 - ad2));
}

static string Add(string v1, string v2)
{
    long ad1, ad2, ad3;
    fixed (char* p = v1)
    {
        ad1 = (long)p;
        Console.WriteLine("Add中v1字符串地址= " + (long)p);
    }
    fixed (char* p = v2)
    {
        ad2 = (long)p;
        Console.WriteLine("Add中v2字符串地址= " + (long)p);
    }
    Console.WriteLine("Add中 v2-v1 " + (ad2 - ad1));
    var v3 = v1 + v2;
    fixed (char* p = v3)
    {
        ad3 = (long)p;
        Console.WriteLine("Add中v3字符串地址= " + (long)p);
    }
    Console.WriteLine("Add中 v3-v2 " + (ad3 - ad2));
    Console.WriteLine("Add中 v3-v1 " + (ad3 - ad1));
    return v3;
}
static void TestString2()
{
    var v1 = "aaaa";
    var v2 = "bbbb";
    var h1 = GCHandle.Alloc(v1, GCHandleType.Pinned);
    Console.WriteLine("TestString2 v1對象地址= " + (long)h1.AddrOfPinnedObject());
    var h2 = GCHandle.Alloc(v2, GCHandleType.Pinned);
    Console.WriteLine("TestString2 v2對象地址= " + (long)h2.AddrOfPinnedObject());
    Console.WriteLine("TestString2 v2-v1 " + ((long)h2.AddrOfPinnedObject() - (long)h1.AddrOfPinnedObject()));
    var v3 = Add2(v1, v2);
    var h3 = GCHandle.Alloc(v3, GCHandleType.Pinned);
    Console.WriteLine("TestString2 v3對象地址= " + (long)h3.AddrOfPinnedObject());
    Console.WriteLine("TestString2 v3-v2 " + ((long)h3.AddrOfPinnedObject() - (long)h2.AddrOfPinnedObject()));
}
static string Add2(string v1, string v2)
{
    var h1 = GCHandle.Alloc(v1, GCHandleType.Pinned);
    Console.WriteLine("Add2中的v1對象地址= " + (long)h1.AddrOfPinnedObject());
    var h2 = GCHandle.Alloc(v2, GCHandleType.Pinned);
    Console.WriteLine("Add2中的v2對象地址= " + (long)h2.AddrOfPinnedObject());
    Console.WriteLine("Add2 v2-v1 " + ((long)h2.AddrOfPinnedObject() - (long)h1.AddrOfPinnedObject()));
    var v3 = v1 + v2;
    var h3 = GCHandle.Alloc(v3, GCHandleType.Pinned);
    Console.WriteLine("Add2中的v3對象地址= " + (long)h3.AddrOfPinnedObject());
    Console.WriteLine("Add2 v3-v2 " + ((long)h3.AddrOfPinnedObject() - (long)h2.AddrOfPinnedObject()));
    Console.WriteLine("Add2 v3-v1 " + ((long)h3.AddrOfPinnedObject() - (long)h1.AddrOfPinnedObject()));
    return v3;
}

字符串是引用類型,v1比v2內存地址小,進入Add后,v1和v2與傳入的地址相同,因為是引用類型,Add方法里的v3接著往大走,并且與返回的v3是一個地址,這些沒有問題。

string用了兩種方法,發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個方式v1都是aaaa,v2都是bbbb,因為字符串有留用性,所以兩個方法的v1和v2是一樣的;但兩種方式調用了Add后,在Add里的v3都是aaaabbbb,都是拼接,但拼出來的字符串的地址不相同,所以這塊沒有留用。

自定class類型

class TestClass
{
     public int i = 100;
}
static void TestTestClass()
{
    var v1 = new TestClass();
    var h1 = GCHandle.Alloc(v1, GCHandleType.Pinned);
    Console.WriteLine("TestTestClass v1對象地址= " + (long)h1.AddrOfPinnedObject());
    var v2 = new TestClass();
    var h2 = GCHandle.Alloc(v2, GCHandleType.Pinned);
    Console.WriteLine("TestTestClass v2對象地址= " + (long)h2.AddrOfPinnedObject());
    Console.WriteLine("TestTestClass v2-v1 " + ((long)h2.AddrOfPinnedObject() - (long)h1.AddrOfPinnedObject()));
    var v3 = Add(v1, v2);
    var h3 = GCHandle.Alloc(v3, GCHandleType.Pinned);
    Console.WriteLine("TestTestClass 3對象地址= " + (long)h3.AddrOfPinnedObject());
    Console.WriteLine("TestTestClass v3-v2 " + ((long)h3.AddrOfPinnedObject() - (long)h2.AddrOfPinnedObject()));
}
static TestClass Add(TestClass v1, TestClass v2)
{
    var h1 = GCHandle.Alloc(v1, GCHandleType.Pinned);
    Console.WriteLine("Add中的v1對象地址= " + (long)h1.AddrOfPinnedObject());
    var h2 = GCHandle.Alloc(v2, GCHandleType.Pinned);
    Console.WriteLine("Add中的v2對象地址= " + (long)h2.AddrOfPinnedObject());
    Console.WriteLine("Add中 v2-v1 " + ((long)h2.AddrOfPinnedObject() - (long)h1.AddrOfPinnedObject()));
    var v3 = new TestClass();
    v3.i = v1.i + v2.i;
    var h3 = GCHandle.Alloc(v3, GCHandleType.Pinned);
    Console.WriteLine("Add中的v3對象地址= " + (long)h3.AddrOfPinnedObject());
    Console.WriteLine("Add中 v3-v2 " + ((long)h3.AddrOfPinnedObject() - (long)h2.AddrOfPinnedObject()));
    Console.WriteLine("Add中 v3-v1 " + ((long)h3.AddrOfPinnedObject() - (long)h1.AddrOfPinnedObject()));
    return v3;
}

自定義class,每次都是新地址,沒有留用性,并且地址都是在增加。

當然引用類型的地址不是一成不變的,因為有垃圾回放,重新整理的過程,本例用用Pinned的方式固定,不過代碼量少的情況也不一定能觸發(fā)回收。

原文鏈接:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/TmiJUXbVBxC-ZNlpAI5xwQ

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