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Redisson之分布式鎖解決商品秒殺簡單示例

作者：wl_Honest 更新時(shí)間： 2022-10-14 編程語言

一般電商商品秒殺活動會面臨大量用戶同時(shí)下單的情況，不僅要面臨高并發(fā)的問題，還要保證下單數(shù)量不超過商品數(shù)量和用戶對同一商品不能重復(fù)下單（保證商品不被同一個用戶搶購?fù)辏簿褪欠傈S牛）。

面對這些問題，可以采用Redis分布鎖來解決，通過Redis中setnx命令來保證同一時(shí)間只有一個線程能夠正常下單，待訂單創(chuàng)建成功后解鎖，其余線程再來搶鎖。

首先模擬一下未采用Redis加鎖的代碼實(shí)現(xiàn)，創(chuàng)建了3張表：用戶表、商品表和訂單表

maven依賴：

<dependencies>
        <!--單元測試-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--集成mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- mybatis-plus -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>3.4.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--springboot中的redis依賴-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- lettuce pool 緩存連接池-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-pool2</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-lang</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>
            <version>2.6</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--處理JSON格式-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.73</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--hutool-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
            <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
            <version>5.7.17</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.16.20</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            <exclusions><!-- 去掉springboot默認(rèn)配置 -->
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>

        <!-- spring boot 2.3版本后，如果需要使用校驗(yàn)，需手動導(dǎo)入validation包-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency> <!-- 引入log4j2依賴 -->
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-log4j2</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- swagger -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
            <artifactId>springfox-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- redisson -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.redisson</groupId>
            <artifactId>redisson</artifactId>
            <version>3.13.6</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

Controller層：

package com.wl.demo.controller;

import cn.hutool.core.util.StrUtil;
import com.wl.demo.common.result.HttpResult;
import com.wl.demo.service.OrderService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * @author wl
 * @date 2022/4/6
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/order")
public class OrderController {

    private final OrderService orderService;

    @Autowired
    public OrderController(OrderService orderService) {
        this.orderService = orderService;
    }

    @PostMapping("/add")
    public HttpResult addOrder(@RequestBody String body) {
        if (StrUtil.isBlank(body)) {
            return HttpResult.fail("請求體不能為空");
        }
        return orderService.addOrder(body);
    }
}

Service實(shí)現(xiàn)類：

package com.wl.demo.service.impl;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.ServiceImpl;
import com.wl.demo.common.result.HttpResult;
import com.wl.demo.entity.Order;
import com.wl.demo.mapper.OrderMapper;
import com.wl.demo.service.OrderService;
import com.wl.demo.service.ProductService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.redisson.api.RedissonClient;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

/**
 * @author wl
 * @date 2022/4/6
 */
@Service
@Slf4j
public class OrderServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<OrderMapper, Order> implements OrderService {
    private final ProductService productService;

    @Autowired
    public OrderServiceImpl(ProductService productService) {
        this.productService = productService;
    }

    @Override
    @Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
    public HttpResult addOrder(String body) {
        Order order = JSONObject.toJavaObject(JSONObject.parseObject(body), Order.class);
        // 查詢訂單
        Integer count = query().eq("user_id", order.getUserId()).eq("product_id", order.getProductId()).count();
        if (count > 0) {
            log.error("不允許重復(fù)下單");
            return HttpResult.fail("不允許重復(fù)下單");
        }
        // 扣減庫存
        boolean success = productService.update()
                    .setSql("stock = stock - 1")
                    .eq("product_id", order.getProductId()).gt("stock", 0) // where id = ? and stock > 0
                    .update();
        if (!success) {
            log.error("庫存不足");
            return HttpResult.fail("庫存不足");
        }
        // 創(chuàng)建訂單
        save(order);
        return HttpResult.success();
    }
}

啟動項(xiàng)目，打開jmeter模擬200個用戶（同一個）同時(shí)搶

?查看訂單表：

?商品表：

?雖然避免了下單數(shù)量多于商品庫存數(shù)量，但還是出現(xiàn)重復(fù)下單的情況。

接下來就輪到Redisson出場

首先定義Redisson配置類：

package com.wl.demo.config;

import org.redisson.Redisson;
import org.redisson.api.RedissonClient;
import org.redisson.config.Config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * @author wl
 * @date 2022/4/6
 */
@Configuration
public class RedissonConfig {

    @Bean
    public RedissonClient redisClient() {
        Config config = new Config();
        //這里ip和port改成自己的redis地址和端口
        config.useSingleServer().setAddress("redis://ip:port");
        return Redisson.create(config);
    }
}

然后修改剛剛的Service實(shí)現(xiàn)類方法：

package com.wl.demo.service.impl;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.ServiceImpl;
import com.wl.demo.common.result.HttpResult;
import com.wl.demo.entity.Order;
import com.wl.demo.mapper.OrderMapper;
import com.wl.demo.service.OrderService;
import com.wl.demo.service.ProductService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.redisson.api.RLock;
import org.redisson.api.RedissonClient;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

/**
 * @author wl
 * @date 2022/4/6
 */
@Service
@Slf4j
public class OrderServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<OrderMapper, Order> implements OrderService {
    private final static String LOCK_ORDER_KEY_PREFIX = "lock:order:";

    private final RedissonClient redissonClient;
    private final ProductService productService;

    @Autowired
    public OrderServiceImpl(RedissonClient redissonClient, ProductService productService) {
        this.redissonClient = redissonClient;
        this.productService = productService;
    }

    @Override
    @Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
    public HttpResult addOrder(String body) {
        Order order = JSONObject.toJavaObject(JSONObject.parseObject(body), Order.class);
        // 創(chuàng)建鎖對象
        String lockKey = LOCK_ORDER_KEY_PREFIX + order.getUserId();
        RLock redisLock = redissonClient.getLock(lockKey);
        boolean isLocked = redisLock.tryLock();
        if (!isLocked) {
            log.error("不允許重復(fù)下單");
            return HttpResult.fail("不允許重復(fù)下單");
        }

        try {
            // 查詢訂單
            Integer count = query().eq("user_id", order.getUserId()).eq("product_id", order.getProductId()).count();
            if (count > 0) {
                log.error("不允許重復(fù)下單");
                return HttpResult.fail("不允許重復(fù)下單");
            }
            //扣減庫存
            boolean success = productService.update()
                    .setSql("stock = stock - 1")
                    .eq("product_id", order.getProductId()).gt("stock", 0) // where id = ? and stock > 0
                    .update();
            if (!success) {
                log.error("庫存不足");
                return HttpResult.fail("庫存不足");
            }
            // 插入數(shù)據(jù)庫
            save(order);
        } finally {
            redisLock.unlock();
        }
        return HttpResult.success();
    }
}

啟動之前，刪除訂單表數(shù)據(jù)，恢復(fù)商品表庫存為100:

重新模擬200個用戶（同一用戶）同時(shí)下單：

?訂單表：

商品表：

?可以看到，利用Redisson加鎖后，有效避免了用戶重復(fù)下單的問題，需要注意的是，加鎖的方法tryLock()這里用的是Redisson默認(rèn)的參數(shù)，其實(shí)還可以自己指定參數(shù)。比如lock.tryLock(10,10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)就是嘗試加鎖，最多等待10秒，上鎖以后10秒自動解鎖，這個可以根據(jù)自己的實(shí)際情況來做調(diào)整。

原以為代碼這樣寫就萬無一失了，于是又測試了一下500個請求秒殺，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)竟然有漏網(wǎng)之魚

?訂單表

?商品表

雖然200個請求沒出問題，但稍微一加大并發(fā)量就暴露了問題，針對這種情況，如果是單機(jī)部署可以考慮使用?ConcurrentHashMap來存放秒殺成功的用戶，每次加鎖成功后判斷集合里是否有該id的用戶，如果有，則說明該用戶已經(jīng)下單成功。如果是集群部署的話，那就可以考慮采用redis來緩存秒殺成功的用戶，這樣每臺機(jī)器上的服務(wù)都能訪問redis來判斷該用戶是否已經(jīng)下單成功。

代碼只需稍微改動一下，增加一個RedisUtils類

package com.wl.demo.util;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.redisson.api.RLock;
import org.redisson.api.RedissonClient;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * @author wl
 * @date 2022/4/6
 */
@Component
@Slf4j
public class RedisUtils {

    private final RedisTemplate<String, String> stringRedisTemplate;

    @Autowired
    public RedisUtils(RedisTemplate<String, String> stringRedisTemplate, RedissonClient redissonClient) {
        this.stringRedisTemplate = stringRedisTemplate;
    }

    public String getString(String key) {
        return stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key);
    }

    public void setValue(String key, String value) {
        stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, value);
    }

    public void setValue(String key, String value, Long expireTime, TimeUnit timeUnit) {
        stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, value, expireTime, timeUnit);
    }

    public Boolean isExistKey(String key) {
        return stringRedisTemplate.hasKey(key);
    }
}

Service實(shí)現(xiàn)類稍作修改：

package com.wl.demo.service.impl;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.ServiceImpl;
import com.wl.demo.common.result.HttpResult;
import com.wl.demo.entity.Order;
import com.wl.demo.mapper.OrderMapper;
import com.wl.demo.service.OrderService;
import com.wl.demo.service.ProductService;
import com.wl.demo.util.RedisUtils;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.redisson.api.RLock;
import org.redisson.api.RedissonClient;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * @author wl
 * @date 2022/4/6
 */
@Service
@Slf4j
public class OrderServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<OrderMapper, Order> implements OrderService {
    private final static String LOCK_ORDER_KEY_PREFIX = "lock:order:";
    private final static String CACHE_ORDER_KEY_PREFIX = "cache:order:";

    private final RedisUtils redisUtils;
    private final RedissonClient redissonClient;
    private final ProductService productService;

    @Autowired
    public OrderServiceImpl(RedisUtils redisUtils, RedissonClient redissonClient, ProductService productService) {
        this.redisUtils = redisUtils;
        this.redissonClient = redissonClient;
        this.productService = productService;
    }

    @Override
    @Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
    public HttpResult addOrder(String body) {
        Order order = JSONObject.toJavaObject(JSONObject.parseObject(body), Order.class);
        // 創(chuàng)建鎖對象
        String lockKey = LOCK_ORDER_KEY_PREFIX + order.getUserId();
        RLock redisLock = redissonClient.getLock(lockKey);
        boolean isLocked = redisLock.tryLock();
        if (!isLocked) {
            log.error("不允許重復(fù)下單");
            return HttpResult.fail("不允許重復(fù)下單");
        }
        String key = CACHE_ORDER_KEY_PREFIX + order.getUserId();
        if (redisUtils.isExistKey(key)) {
            log.error("不允許重復(fù)下單");
            return HttpResult.fail("不允許重復(fù)下單");
        }

        try {
            // 查詢訂單
            Integer count = query().eq("user_id", order.getUserId()).eq("product_id", order.getProductId()).count();
            if (count > 0) {
                log.error("不允許重復(fù)下單");
                return HttpResult.fail("不允許重復(fù)下單");
            }
            //扣減庫存
            boolean success = productService.update()
                    .setSql("stock = stock - 1")
                    .eq("product_id", order.getProductId()).gt("stock", 0) // where id = ? and stock > 0
                    .update();
            if (!success) {
                log.error("庫存不足");
                return HttpResult.fail("庫存不足");
            }
            //存入秒殺成功的用戶
            redisUtils.setValue(key, JSONObject.toJSONString(order), 60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            // 插入數(shù)據(jù)庫
            save(order);
        } finally {
            redisLock.unlock();
        }
        return HttpResult.success();
    }
}

最后為了測試的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，在本機(jī)復(fù)制這個項(xiàng)目，端口改為8081，同時(shí)開啟2個服務(wù)