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Go語言深度拷貝工具deepcopy的使用教程_Golang

作者:Go學堂 ? 更新時間: 2022-11-07 編程語言

今天給大家推薦的工具是deepcopy,一個可以對指針、接口、切片、結構體、Map都能進行深拷貝的工具。在Go中需要對一個變量進行拷貝時分淺拷貝和深拷貝。淺拷貝就是拷貝后就是無論改變新值還是原值都對對另一個產生影響,比如切片。而深拷貝則是將目標值完全拷貝一份,消除這種影響。

實現原理分析

深拷貝的實現原理本質上是通過反射實現。通過將源對象轉換成接口,再對接口通過反射判斷其類型,進而進行深度拷貝。如下就是該包的完全實現:

package deepcopy

import (
	"reflect"
	"time"
)

// Interface for delegating copy process to type
type Interface interface {
	DeepCopy() interface{}
}

// Iface is an alias to Copy; this exists for backwards compatibility reasons.
func Iface(iface interface{}) interface{} {
	return Copy(iface)
}

// Copy creates a deep copy of whatever is passed to it and returns the copy
// in an interface{}.  The returned value will need to be asserted to the
// correct type.
func Copy(src interface{}) interface{} {
	if src == nil {
		return nil
	}

	// Make the interface a reflect.Value
	original := reflect.ValueOf(src)

	// Make a copy of the same type as the original.
	cpy := reflect.New(original.Type()).Elem()

	// Recursively copy the original.
	copyRecursive(original, cpy)

	// Return the copy as an interface.
	return cpy.Interface()
}

// copyRecursive does the actual copying of the interface. It currently has
// limited support for what it can handle. Add as needed.
func copyRecursive(original, cpy reflect.Value) {
	// check for implement deepcopy.Interface
	if original.CanInterface() {
		if copier, ok := original.Interface().(Interface); ok {
			cpy.Set(reflect.ValueOf(copier.DeepCopy()))
			return
		}
	}

	// handle according to original's Kind
	switch original.Kind() {
	case reflect.Ptr:
		// Get the actual value being pointed to.
		originalValue := original.Elem()

		// if  it isn't valid, return.
		if !originalValue.IsValid() {
			return
		}
		cpy.Set(reflect.New(originalValue.Type()))
		copyRecursive(originalValue, cpy.Elem())

	case reflect.Interface:
		// If this is a nil, don't do anything
		if original.IsNil() {
			return
		}
		// Get the value for the interface, not the pointer.
		originalValue := original.Elem()

		// Get the value by calling Elem().
		copyValue := reflect.New(originalValue.Type()).Elem()
		copyRecursive(originalValue, copyValue)
		cpy.Set(copyValue)

	case reflect.Struct:
		t, ok := original.Interface().(time.Time)
		if ok {
			cpy.Set(reflect.ValueOf(t))
			return
		}
		// Go through each field of the struct and copy it.
		for i := 0; i < original.NumField(); i++ {
			// The Type's StructField for a given field is checked to see if StructField.PkgPath
			// is set to determine if the field is exported or not because CanSet() returns false
			// for settable fields.  I'm not sure why.  -mohae
			if original.Type().Field(i).PkgPath != "" {
				continue
			}
			copyRecursive(original.Field(i), cpy.Field(i))
		}

	case reflect.Slice:
		if original.IsNil() {
			return
		}
		// Make a new slice and copy each element.
		cpy.Set(reflect.MakeSlice(original.Type(), original.Len(), original.Cap()))
		for i := 0; i < original.Len(); i++ {
			copyRecursive(original.Index(i), cpy.Index(i))
		}

	case reflect.Map:
		if original.IsNil() {
			return
		}
		cpy.Set(reflect.MakeMap(original.Type()))
		for _, key := range original.MapKeys() {
			originalValue := original.MapIndex(key)
			copyValue := reflect.New(originalValue.Type()).Elem()
			copyRecursive(originalValue, copyValue)
			copyKey := Copy(key.Interface())
			cpy.SetMapIndex(reflect.ValueOf(copyKey), copyValue)
		}

	default:
		cpy.Set(original)
	}
}

基本使用

拷貝切片

	a := []int{1,2,3}
	dst := deepcopy.Copy(a)
	a1 := dst.([]int)
	a1[0] = 2
	fmt.Println(a, a1) //a:[1 2 3] a1:[2 2 3]

拷貝map

	a := make(map[string]int)
	a["k1"] = 1
	a["k2"] = 2
	a["k3"] = 3
	dst := deepcopy.Copy(a)
	a1 := dst.(map[string]int)
	a1["k1"] = 10
	fmt.Println(a, a1) //a:map[k1:1 k2:2 k3:3] a1:map[k1:10 k2:2 k3:3]

更多項目詳情請查看如下鏈接。

開源項目地址:https://github.com/mohae/deepcopy

原文鏈接:https://juejin.cn/post/7143030425839992863

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