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C++讀取wav文件中的PCM數據_C 語言

作者:Alfred-N ? 更新時間: 2022-03-28 編程語言

前言

wav文件通常會使用PCM格式數據存儲音頻,這種格式的數據讀取出來直接就可以播放,要在wav文件中讀取數據,我們首先要獲取頭部信息,wav的文件結構里面分為多個chunk,我們要做的就是識別這些chunk的信息,獲取音頻的格式以及數據。

一、如何實現?

首先需要構造wav頭部,wav文件音頻信息全部保存在頭部,我們要做的就是讀取wav頭部信息,并且記錄PCM的相關參數。

1.定義頭結構

只定義PCM格式的wav文件頭,對于PCM格式的數據只需要下面3個結構體即可。

struct WaveRIFF;
struct WaveFormat;
struct WaveData;

2.讀取頭部信息

打開文件后需要讀取頭部信息,需要獲取聲音的格式以及數據長度。

WaveRIFF riff;
WaveFormat format;
WaveData data;
int userDataSize;
f= fopen(fileName.c_str(), "rb+");
//讀取頭部信息
fread(&riff, 1, sizeof(riff), f);
fread(&format, 1, sizeof(format),f);
//判讀頭部信息是否正確
//略
//查找data chunk
//略
//記錄數據起始位置

3.讀取數據

獲取頭部信息后,就知道數據在位置及長度了,只需要直接讀文件即可。

//跳到數據起始位置
seek(f, _dataOffset, SEEK_SET);
//讀取數據
fread(buf, 1, bufLength, f);

二、完整代碼

完整代碼總用有3部分,頭結構、WavFileReader.h、WavFileReader.cpp。

1.頭結構

#pragma pack(push,1)
?? ?struct WaveRIFF {
?? ??? ?const?? ?char id[4] = { 'R','I', 'F', 'F' };
?? ??? ?uint32_t fileLength;
?? ??? ?const?? ?char waveFlag[4] = { 'W','A', 'V', 'E' };
?? ?};
?? ?struct WaveFormat
?? ?{
?? ??? ?const?? ?char id[4] = { 'f','m', 't', ' ' };
?? ??? ?uint32_t blockSize = 16;
?? ??? ?uint16_t formatTag;
?? ??? ?uint16_t channels;
?? ??? ?uint32_t samplesPerSec;
?? ??? ?uint32_t avgBytesPerSec;
?? ??? ?uint16_t blockAlign;
?? ??? ?uint16_t ?bitsPerSample;
?? ?};
?? ?struct ?WaveData
?? ?{
?? ??? ?const?? ?char id[4] = { 'd','a', 't', 'a' };
?? ??? ?uint32_t dataLength;
?? ?};
#pragma pack(pop)

2.WavFileReader.h

#pragma once
#include<string>
/************************************************************************
* @Project: ??? ?AC.WavFileWriter
* @Decription: ?wav文件讀取工具
* 本版本只支持pcm讀取,且未處理字節順序。?? ?riff文件是小端,通常在intel的設備上是沒問題的,在java虛擬機上則需要處理。
* @Verision: ??? ?v1.0.0.0
* @Author: ??? ?Xin Nie
* @Create: ??? ?2019/4/10 11:10:17
* @LastUpdate: ?2019/4/16 10:45:00
************************************************************************
* Copyright @ 2019. All rights reserved.
************************************************************************/
namespace AC {
?? ?/// <summary>
?? ?/// wav文件讀取對象
?? ?/// </summary>
?? ?class WavFileReader {
?? ?public:
?? ??? ?/// <summary>
?? ??? ?/// 構造方法
?? ??? ?/// </summary>
?? ??? ?WavFileReader();
?? ??? ?/// <summary>
?? ? ? ?/// 析構方法
?? ? ? ?/// </summary>
?? ??? ?~WavFileReader();
?? ??? ?/// <summary>
?? ??? ?/// 打開wav文件
?? ??? ?/// </summary>
?? ??? ?/// <param name="fileName">文件名</param>
?? ??? ?/// <returns>是否打開成功</returns>
?? ??? ?bool OpenWavFile(const std::string& fileName);
?? ??? ?/// <summary>
?? ??? ?/// 關閉文件
?? ??? ?/// </summary>
?? ??? ?void CloseFlie();
?? ??? ?/// <summary>
?? ??? ?/// 讀取音頻數據
?? ??? ?/// </summary>
?? ??? ?/// <param name="buf">外部緩存</param>
?? ??? ?/// <param name="bufLength">緩存長度</param>
?? ??? ?/// <returns>讀取長度</returns>
?? ??? ?int ReadData(unsigned char* buf, int bufLength);
?? ??? ?/// <summary>
?? ??? ?/// 設置讀取位置
?? ??? ?/// </summary>
?? ??? ?/// <param name="position"> 讀取位置</param>
?? ??? ?void SetPosition(int position);
?? ??? ?/// <summary>
?? ??? ?/// 獲取讀取位置
?? ??? ?/// </summary>
?? ??? ?/// <returns>讀取位置</returns>
?? ??? ?int GetPosition();
?? ??? ?/// <summary>
?? ??? ?/// 獲取文件長度
?? ??? ?/// </summary>
?? ??? ?/// <returns>文件長度</returns>
?? ??? ?int GetFileLength();
?? ??? ?/// <summary>
?? ??? ?/// 獲取音頻數據長度
?? ??? ?/// </summary>
?? ??? ?/// <returns>音頻數據長度</returns>
?? ??? ?int GetDataLength();
?? ??? ?/// <summary>
?? ??? ?/// 獲取聲道數
?? ??? ?/// </summary>
?? ??? ?/// <returns>聲道數</returns>
?? ??? ?int GetChannels();
?? ??? ?/// <summary>
?? ??? ?/// 獲取采樣率
?? ??? ?/// </summary>
?? ??? ?/// <returns>采樣率,單位:hz</returns>
?? ??? ?int GetSampleRate();
?? ??? ?/// <summary>
?? ??? ?/// 獲取位深
?? ??? ?/// </summary>
?? ??? ?/// <returns>位深,單位:bits</returns>
?? ??? ?int GetBitsPerSample();
?? ?private:
?? ??? ?void* _file = nullptr;
?? ??? ?uint32_t _fileLength = 0;
?? ??? ?uint32_t _dataLength = 0;
?? ??? ?int _channels = 0;
?? ??? ?int ?_sampleRate = 0;
?? ??? ?int ?_bitsPerSample = 0;
?? ??? ?int _dataOffset = 0;
?? ?};
}

3.WavFileReader.cpp

#include"WavFileReader.h"
namespace AC {
?? ?WavFileReader::WavFileReader()
?? ?{
?? ?}
?? ?WavFileReader::~WavFileReader()
?? ?{
?? ??? ?CloseFlie();
?? ?}
?? ?bool WavFileReader::OpenWavFile(const std::string& fileName)
?? ?{
?? ??? ?if (_file)
?? ??? ?{
?? ??? ??? ?printf("已經打開了文件!\n");
?? ??? ??? ?return false;
?? ??? ?}
?? ??? ?WaveRIFF riff;
?? ??? ?WaveFormat format;
?? ??? ?WaveData data;
?? ??? ?int userDataSize;
?? ??? ?_file = fopen(fileName.c_str(), "rb+");
?? ??? ?if (!_file)
?? ??? ?{
?? ??? ??? ?printf("打開文件失敗!\n");
?? ??? ??? ?return false;
?? ??? ?}
?? ??? ?//讀取頭部信息
?? ??? ?if (fread(&riff, 1, sizeof(riff), static_cast<FILE*>(_file)) != sizeof(riff))
?? ??? ?{
?? ??? ??? ?printf("文件讀取錯誤,讀取riff失敗!\n");
?? ??? ??? ?goto error;
?? ??? ?}
?? ??? ?if (std::string(riff.id, 4) != "RIFF" || std::string(riff.waveFlag, 4) != "WAVE")
?? ??? ?{
?? ??? ??? ?printf("頭部信息不正確,不是wav文件!\n");
?? ??? ??? ?goto error;
?? ??? ?}
?? ??? ?if (fread(&format, 1, sizeof(format), static_cast<FILE*>(_file)) != sizeof(format))
?? ??? ?{
?? ??? ??? ?printf("文件讀取錯誤,讀取format失敗!\n");
?? ??? ??? ?goto error;
?? ??? ?}
?? ??? ?if (std::string(format.id, 4) != "fmt ")
?? ??? ?{
?? ??? ??? ?printf("頭部信息不正確,缺少fmt!\n");
?? ??? ??? ?goto error;
?? ??? ?}
?? ??? ?if (format.formatTag != 1)
?? ??? ?{
?? ??? ??? ?printf("程序不支持,數據格式非pcm,只支持pcm格式的數據!\n");
?? ??? ??? ?goto error;
?? ??? ?}
?? ??? ?userDataSize = format.blockSize - sizeof(format) + 8;
?? ??? ?if (userDataSize < 0)
?? ??? ?{
?? ??? ??? ?printf("頭部信息不正確,blockSize大小異常!\n");
?? ??? ??? ?goto error;
?? ??? ?}
?? ??? ?else if (userDataSize > 0)
?? ??? ?{
?? ??? ??? ?if (fseek(static_cast<FILE*>(_file), userDataSize, SEEK_CUR) != 0)
?? ??? ??? ?{
?? ??? ??? ??? ?printf("文件讀取錯誤!\n");
?? ??? ??? ??? ?goto error;
?? ??? ??? ?}
?? ??? ?}
?? ??? ?while (1)
?? ??? ?{
?? ??? ??? ?if (fread(&data, 1, sizeof(data), static_cast<FILE*>(_file)) != sizeof(data))
?? ??? ??? ?{
?? ??? ??? ??? ?printf("文件讀取錯誤!\n");
?? ??? ??? ??? ?goto error;
?? ??? ??? ?};
?? ??? ??? ?if (std::string(data.id, 4) != "data")
?? ??? ??? ?{
?? ??? ??? ??? ?if (fseek(static_cast<FILE*>(_file), data.dataLength, SEEK_CUR) != 0)
?? ??? ??? ??? ?{
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?printf("文件讀取錯誤!\n");
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?goto error;
?? ??? ??? ??? ?}
?? ??? ??? ??? ?continue;
?? ??? ??? ?}
?? ??? ??? ?break;
?? ??? ?}
?? ??? ?_dataOffset = ftell(static_cast<FILE*>(_file));
?? ??? ?_fileLength = riff.fileLength+8;
?? ??? ?_dataLength = data.dataLength;
?? ??? ?_channels = format.channels;
?? ??? ?_sampleRate = format.samplesPerSec;
?? ??? ?_bitsPerSample = format.bitsPerSample;
?? ??? ?return true;
?? ?error:
?? ??? ?if (fclose(static_cast<FILE*>(_file)) == EOF)
?? ??? ?{
?? ??? ??? ?printf("文件關閉失敗!\n");
?? ??? ?}
?? ??? ?_file = nullptr;
?? ??? ?return false;
?? ?}
?? ?void WavFileReader::CloseFlie()
?? ?{
?? ??? ?if (_file)
?? ??? ?{
?? ??? ??? ?if (fclose(static_cast<FILE*>(_file)) == EOF)
?? ??? ??? ?{
?? ??? ??? ??? ?printf("文件關閉失敗!\n");
?? ??? ??? ?}
?? ??? ??? ?_file = nullptr;
?? ??? ?}
?? ?}
?? ?int WavFileReader::ReadData(unsigned char* buf, int bufLength)
?? ?{
?? ??? ?if (ftell(static_cast<FILE*>(_file)) >= _dataOffset + _dataLength)
?? ??? ??? ?return 0;
?? ??? ?return fread(buf, 1, bufLength, static_cast<FILE*>(_file));
?? ?}

?? ?void WavFileReader::SetPosition(int postion)
?? ?{
?? ??? ?if (fseek(static_cast<FILE*>(_file), _dataOffset + postion, SEEK_SET) != 0)
?? ??? ?{
?? ??? ??? ?printf("定位失敗!\n");
?? ??? ?}
?? ?}
?? ?int WavFileReader::GetPosition()
?? ?{
?? ??? ?return ftell(static_cast<FILE*>(_file)) - _dataOffset;
?? ?}

?? ?int WavFileReader::GetFileLength()
?? ?{
?? ??? ?return _fileLength;
?? ?}

?? ?int WavFileReader::GetDataLength()
?? ?{
?? ??? ?return _dataLength;
?? ?}

?? ?int WavFileReader::GetChannels()
?? ?{
?? ??? ?return _channels;
?? ?}

?? ?int WavFileReader::GetSampleRate()
?? ?{
?? ??? ?return _sampleRate;
?? ?}

?? ?int WavFileReader::GetBitsPerSample()
?? ?{
?? ??? ?return _bitsPerSample;
?? ?}
}

三、使用示例

1、播放

#include "WavFileReader.h"
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
?? ?AC::WavFileReader read;
?? ?unsigned char buf[1024];
?? ?if (read.OpenWavFile("test_music.wav"))
?? ?{
?? ??? ?int channels, sampleRate, bitsPerSample;
?? ??? ?//獲取聲音格式
?? ??? ?channels = read.GetChannels();
?? ??? ?sampleRate = read.GetSampleRate();
?? ??? ?bitsPerSample = read.GetBitsPerSample();
?? ??? ?//打開聲音設備(channels,sampleRate,bitsPerSample)
?? ??? ?int size;
?? ??? ?do?
?? ??? ?{
?? ??? ? ? ?//讀取音頻數據
?? ??? ??? ?size = read.ReadData(buf,1024);
?? ??? ??? ?if (size > 0)
?? ??? ??? ?{
?? ??? ??? ??? ?//播放(buf,1024)
?? ??? ??? ?}
?? ??? ??? ?
?? ??? ?} while (size);
?? ??? ?read.CloseFlie();
?? ?}
?? ?return 0;
}

2、循環播放

#include "WavFileReader.h"
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
?? ?AC::WavFileReader read;
?? ?unsigned char buf[1024];
? ? bool exitFlag = false;
?? ?if (read.OpenWavFile("test_music.wav"))
?? ?{
?? ??? ?int channels, sampleRate, bitsPerSample;
?? ??? ?//獲取聲音格式
?? ??? ?channels = read.GetChannels();
?? ??? ?sampleRate = read.GetSampleRate();
?? ??? ?bitsPerSample = read.GetBitsPerSample();
?? ??? ?//打開聲音設備(channels,sampleRate,bitsPerSample)
?? ??? ?int size;
?? ??? ?while (!exitFlag)
?? ??? ?{
?? ??? ? ? ?//讀取音頻數據
?? ??? ??? ?size = read.ReadData(buf, 1024);
?? ??? ??? ?if (size > 0)
?? ??? ??? ?{
?? ??? ??? ??? ?//播放(buf,1024)
?? ??? ??? ?}
?? ??? ??? ?else
?? ??? ??? ?{ ??
?? ??? ??? ? ? ?//回到數據起始位置
?? ??? ??? ??? ?read.SetPosition(0);?? ??? ?
?? ??? ??? ?}
?? ??? ?}?
?? ??? ?read.CloseFlie();
?? ?}
?? ?return 0;
}

總結

以上就是今天要講的內容,wav文件中讀取PCM還是相對較簡單的,只要了解wav頭結構,然后自定義其頭結構,讀取頭部信息,校驗頭部信息,然后再讀取數據所在的chunk,就可以實現這樣一個功能。

原文鏈接:https://blog.csdn.net/u013113678/article/details/122388555

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