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使用Docker安裝Nginx并配置端口轉發(fā)問題及解決方法_docker

作者：daiyuenlong110 ? 更新時間： 2022-04-04 編程語言

使用docker安裝并運行nginx命令：

 docker run --name=nginx -p 80:80 -d docker.io/nginx

使用命令：

docker exec -it nginx /bin/bash 進入容器可查看到幾個重要的文件

配置文件：nginx.conf 在 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

日志文件： /var/log/nginx/access.log /var/log/nginx/error.log

使用cat命令打開nginx.conf

root@dc048fc59765:/var/log/nginx# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 
  user  nginx;
  worker_processes  1;
  
  error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
  pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;
  
  
 events {
     worker_connections  1024;
     }
 
 http {
     include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
     default_type  application/octet-stream;
 
     log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                       '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                       '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
 
     access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
 
     sendfile        on;
     #tcp_nopush     on;
 
     keepalive_timeout  65;
 
     #gzip  on;
 
     include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
 }
 root@dc048fc59765:/var/log/nginx#

發(fā)現(xiàn)第32行，配置了一個子配置文件，進入conf.d發(fā)現(xiàn)有一個default.conf文件

打開default.conf文件：

root@dc048fc59765:/etc/nginx/conf.d# cat default.conf 
  server {
      listen       80;
      listen  [::]:80;
      server_name  localhost;
  
      #charset koi8-r;
      #access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log  main;
     location / {
         root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
         index  index.html index.htm;
     }
 
     #error_page  404              /404.html;
     # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
     #
     error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
     location = /50x.html {
     # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
     #location ~ \.php$ {
     #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
     #}
     # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
     #    root           html;
     #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
     #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
     #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
     #    include        fastcgi_params;
     # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
     # concurs with nginx's one
     #location ~ /\.ht {
     #    deny  all;
 }
 root@dc048fc59765:/etc/nginx/conf.d#

在瀏覽器中輸入:http://192.168.11.241

?從default.conf中11行可以看出，index頁面在/usr/share/nginx/html

現(xiàn)在，我們配置一下容器卷：

docker rm -f nginx 刪除一下之前的容器

再次執(zhí)行比較完整的命令：

 docker run \
  --restart=always \
  --name nginx \
  -d -p 80:80 \
  -v /data/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html \
  -v /data/nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
  -v /data/nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d \
  -v /data/nginx/log:/var/log/nginx \
  nginx

這里有幾個注意事項：

（1）第一個“-v”，是項目位置，把html代碼放到掛載到的目錄下即可；

（2）第二個“-v”，是掛載的主配置文件"nginx.conf"，注意"nginx.conf"文件內有一行"include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;"，

? ? ? ? ?這個include指向了子配置文件的路徑，此處注意include后所跟的路徑一定不要出錯。

（3）第三個“-v”，把docker內子配置文件的路徑也掛載了出來，注意要與（2）中include指向路徑一致

（4）重點強調一下，nginx.conf是掛載了一個文件（docker是不推薦這樣用的），conf.d掛載的是一個目錄

我們先啟動一下，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)是有問題的，因為配置文件還沒有。

[root@zuul-server data]# docker run ?--name nginx ?-d -p 80:80 ?-v /data/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html ?-v /data/nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf ?-v /data/nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d ?-v /data/nginx/log:/var/log/nginx ?nginx

c8d49810b4afd4b6661beb942f0f19a67cf64f9798af9d2eb8a2aa242b2af434

docker: Error response from daemon: OCI runtime create failed: container_linux.go:349: starting container process caused "process_linux.go:449: container init caused \"rootfs_linux.go:58: mounting \\\"/data/nginx/nginx.conf\\\" to rootfs \\\"/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ee154ee69264707a542409b514cfff950b31cefa4dcd4e66c3635d0aa94f5058/merged\\\" at \\\"/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ee154ee69264707a542409b514cfff950b31cefa4dcd4e66c3635d0aa94f5058/merged/etc/nginx/nginx.conf\\\" caused \\\"not a directory\\\"\"": unknown: Are you trying to mount a directory onto a file (or vice-versa)? Check if the specified host path exists and is the expected type.

很明顯，報錯了，容器也沒有啟動成功，怎么解決了？

解決辦法：

1 進入/data/nginx目錄，

2 刪除nginx.conf文件夾? rm? -rf nginx.conf

3 新建nginx.conf文件? ? touch nginx.conf

4 然后把之前cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf的內容放入到nginx.conf

5 同理,cd /data/nginx/conf.d ，touch default.conf,把之前?cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf中的內容放入到新建的default.conf中。

最后 docker restart nginx 搞定。

?需要配置一個端口轉發(fā)功能，業(yè)務需求是：以http://192.168.11/241/mp開頭的請求需要重定向到http://192.168.11.241:20001/mp上，

剛開始把 proxy_pass 對應的路徑寫成了 http://127.0.0.1:20001/；導致報404錯誤，原因很簡單，nginx運作在容器里面，肯定找不到http://127.0.0.1:20001/,浪費了我一點點時間，一時沒轉過彎來。

 server {
   listen  80;
   server_name localhost;
    
   #charset koi8-r;
   #access_log /var/log/nginx/log/host.access.log main;
    
   location / {
    #root /usr/nginx/dacheng-wechat-web;
   #root /usr/nginx/html;
   root /usr/share/nginx/html;
   index index.html index.htm;
   autoindex on;
   # try_files $uri /index/index/page.html;
   # try_files $uri /index/map/page.html;
  }
 
 location /mp {
   proxy_pass http://192.168.11.241:20001/;
 
 }   
  #error_page 404    /404.html;
   
  # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
  #
  error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
  location = /50x.html {
   root /usr/share/nginx/html;
  }
   
  # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
  #
  #location ~ \.php$ {
  # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
  #}
   
  # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
  #
  #location ~ \.php$ {
 # root   html;
  # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
  # fastcgi_index index.php;
  # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
  # include  fastcgi_params;
  #}
   
  # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
  # concurs with nginx's one
  #
  #location ~ /\.ht {
  # deny all;
  #}
 }

原文鏈接：https://blog.csdn.net/daiyuenlong110/article/details/122636024

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