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Python?Thread虛假喚醒概念與防范詳解_python

作者:狂飆-高啟強(qiáng)-張頌文-王天龍 ? 更新時(shí)間: 2023-07-03 編程語(yǔ)言

什么是虛假喚醒

虛假喚醒是一種現(xiàn)象,它只會(huì)出現(xiàn)在多線程環(huán)境中,指的是在多線程環(huán)境下,多個(gè)線程等待在同一個(gè)條件上,等到條件滿足時(shí),所有等待的線程都被喚醒,但由于多個(gè)線程執(zhí)行的順序不同,后面競(jìng)爭(zhēng)到鎖的線程在獲得時(shí)間片時(shí)條件已經(jīng)不再滿足,線程應(yīng)該繼續(xù)睡眠但是卻繼續(xù)往下運(yùn)行的一種現(xiàn)象。

上面是比較書面化的定義,我們用人能聽懂的話來(lái)介紹一下虛假喚醒。

多線程環(huán)境的編程中,我們經(jīng)常遇到讓多個(gè)線程等待在一個(gè)條件上,等到這個(gè)條件成立的時(shí)候我們?cè)偃拘堰@些線程,讓它們接著往下執(zhí)行代碼的場(chǎng)景。假如某一時(shí)刻條件成立,所有的線程都被喚醒了,然后去競(jìng)爭(zhēng)鎖,因?yàn)橥粫r(shí)刻只會(huì)有一個(gè)線程能拿到鎖,其他的線程都會(huì)阻塞到鎖上無(wú)法往下執(zhí)行,等到成功爭(zhēng)搶到鎖的線程消費(fèi)完條件,釋放了鎖,后面的線程繼續(xù)運(yùn)行,拿到鎖時(shí)這個(gè)條件很可能已經(jīng)不滿足了,這個(gè)時(shí)候線程應(yīng)該繼續(xù)在這個(gè)條件上阻塞下去,而不應(yīng)該繼續(xù)執(zhí)行,如果繼續(xù)執(zhí)行了,就說(shuō)發(fā)生了虛假喚醒。

import threading
from threading import Condition
class Data:
    def __init__(self, cond, num):
        self.num = num
        self.cond = cond
    def add(self):
        self.cond: Condition = self.cond
        self.cond.acquire()
        if self.num > 0:
            self.cond.wait()
        self.num += 1
        print(threading.current_thread().getName(), self.num)
        self.cond.notifyAll()
        self.cond.release()
    def decr(self):
        self.cond: Condition = self.cond
        self.cond.acquire()
        if self.num == 0:
            self.cond.wait()
        self.num -= 1
        print(threading.current_thread().getName(), self.num)
        self.cond.notifyAll()
        self.cond.release()
if __name__ == '__main__':
    cond = Condition()
    num = 0
    data = Data(cond, 0)
    thread_add = threading.Thread(name="A", target=data.add)
    thread_decr = threading.Thread(name="B", target=data.decr)
    thread_add.start()
    thread_decr.start()
 

現(xiàn)在改用4個(gè)線程

import threading
from threading import Condition
class Data:
    def __init__(self, cond, num):
        self.num = num
        self.cond = cond
    def add(self):
        self.cond: Condition = self.cond
        self.cond.acquire()
        if self.num > 0:
            self.cond.wait()
        self.num += 1
        print(threading.current_thread().getName(), self.num)
        self.cond.notifyAll()
        self.cond.release()
    def decr(self):
        self.cond: Condition = self.cond
        self.cond.acquire()
        if self.num == 0:
            self.cond.wait()
        self.num -= 1
        print(threading.current_thread().getName(), self.num)
        self.cond.notifyAll()
        self.cond.release()
if __name__ == '__main__':
    cond = Condition()
    num = 0
    data = Data(cond, 0)
    thread_add = threading.Thread(name="A", target=data.add)
    thread_decr = threading.Thread(name="B", target=data.decr)
    thread_add2 = threading.Thread(name="C", target=data.add)
    thread_decr2 = threading.Thread(name="D", target=data.decr)
    thread_add.start()
    thread_decr.start()
    thread_add2.start()
    thread_decr2.start()

還沒有出現(xiàn)問題!!!

使用20個(gè)線程同時(shí)跑

import threading
from threading import Condition
class Data:
    def __init__(self, cond, num):
        self.num = num
        self.cond = cond
    def add(self):
        self.cond: Condition = self.cond
        self.cond.acquire()
        if self.num > 0:
            self.cond.wait()
        self.num += 1
        print(threading.current_thread().getName(), self.num)
        self.cond.notifyAll()
        self.cond.release()
    def decr(self):
        self.cond: Condition = self.cond
        self.cond.acquire()
        if self.num == 0:
            self.cond.wait()
        self.num -= 1
        print(threading.current_thread().getName(), self.num)
        self.cond.notifyAll()
        self.cond.release()
if __name__ == '__main__':
    cond = Condition()
    num = 0
    data = Data(cond, 0)
    for i in range(10):
        thread_add = threading.Thread(name="A", target=data.add)
        thread_add.start()
    for i in range(10):
        thread_decr = threading.Thread(name="B", target=data.decr)
        thread_decr.start()

這時(shí)就出現(xiàn)了問題!!!

現(xiàn)在改用while進(jìn)行判斷

防止虛假喚醒:

import threading
from threading import Condition
class Data:
    def __init__(self, cond, num):
        self.num = num
        self.cond = cond
    def add(self):
        self.cond: Condition = self.cond
        self.cond.acquire()
        # 這里采用了while進(jìn)行判斷,防止虛假喚醒
        while self.num > 0:
            self.cond.wait()
        self.num += 1
        print(threading.current_thread().getName(), self.num)
        self.cond.notifyAll()
        self.cond.release()
    def decr(self):
        self.cond: Condition = self.cond
        self.cond.acquire()
        # 這里采用了while進(jìn)行判斷,防止虛假喚醒
        while self.num == 0:
            self.cond.wait()
        self.num -= 1
        print(threading.current_thread().getName(), self.num)
        self.cond.notifyAll()
        self.cond.release()
if __name__ == '__main__':
    cond = Condition()
    num = 0
    data = Data(cond, 0)
    for i in range(10):
        thread_add = threading.Thread(name="A", target=data.add)
        thread_add.start()
    for i in range(10):
        thread_decr = threading.Thread(name="B", target=data.decr)
        thread_decr.start()

這個(gè)例子與上面的代碼幾乎沒有差別,只是把if判斷換成了while判斷,所以每次蕭炎和唐三醒過(guò)來(lái)之后都會(huì)再判斷一下有沒有蘋果(喚醒自己的條件是否滿足),如果不滿足,就會(huì)繼續(xù)睡下去,不會(huì)接著往下運(yùn)行,從而避免了虛假喚醒。

總結(jié)

等待在一個(gè)條件上的線程被全部喚醒后會(huì)去競(jìng)爭(zhēng)鎖,所以這些線程會(huì)一個(gè)一個(gè)地去消費(fèi)這個(gè)條件,等到后面的線程去消費(fèi)這個(gè)條件時(shí),條件可能已經(jīng)不滿足了,所以每個(gè)被喚醒的線程都需要再檢查一次條件是否滿足。如果不滿足,應(yīng)該繼續(xù)睡下去;只有滿足了才能往下執(zhí)行。

原文鏈接:https://wtl4it.blog.csdn.net/article/details/129213883

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