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ASP.NET?MVC實現樹形導航菜單_實用技巧

作者：Darren?Ji ? 更新時間： 2022-11-05 編程語言

在需要處理很多分類以及導航的時候，樹形導航菜單就比較適合。例如在汽車之家上：

頁面主要分兩部分，左邊是導航菜單，右邊顯示對應的內容。現在，我們就在ASP.NET MVC 4 下臨摹一個，如下：

實現的效果包括：
1、點擊導航菜單上的品牌，左側顯示該品牌下的所有車型。
2、點擊導航菜單上的車系，左側顯示該車系下的所有車型。
3、點擊左側上方的字母導航，錨點跳到導航菜單的對應部分。
4、頁面加載完畢，顯示所有品牌和車系，即樹形導航完全展開。
5、點擊導航菜單上的品牌，收縮或展開對應的車系，收縮時，品牌前面圖標為+號，展開時，品牌前面的圖片為-號。

源碼部分，在這里。

思路呢？

頁面分成左右2部分，使用Bootstrap輕松實現：

<div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-2 col-lg-2 col-sm-2">
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-10 col-lg-10 col-sm-10">
    </div>
</div>

左側最上方的字母導航，被放在一個div中，頁面加載的時候向控制器動態請求。

品牌上方的字母歸類，比如奧迪上方的字母A，實際上是一個div。

品牌和車系放在了ul中，比如奧迪品牌以及奧迪下的奧迪A4和奧迪A6車系。車系被放在了dl中。

樹形菜單采用模版比較合適，先把數據填充到模版，再把模版追加到頁面元素。

當點擊左側樹形導航上的品牌或車系，右側通過iframe來呈現對應的內容。

領域先行。有關品牌和車系就抽象成如下的類：

    public class CarCategory
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public int ParentId { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string FirstLetter { get; set; }
        public string AnchorName { get; set; }
        public int Level { get; set; }
        public short DelFlag { get; set; }
    }

有關車型就抽象成如下的類：

    public class Car
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public int PinPaiId { get; set; }
        public int CheXiId { get; set; } 
        public string Name { get; set; }
    }

頁面左側呈現樹形導航需要向控制器請求json數據，大致格式是：

首字母
錨點名稱
所有品牌
??? 品牌編號
??? 品牌名稱
??? 所有車系
??????? 車系編號
??????? 車系名稱
??????? 車系下車型的總數量

貌似有3層，那就從最里面這層開始建模。有關車系在樹形導航中的顯示：

    public class CheXiForDisplay
    {
        public int CheXiId { get; set; }
        public int TotalCount { get; set; }
        public string CheXiName { get; set; }
    }

有關品牌在樹形導航中的顯示：

    public class PinPaiForDisplay
    {
        public int PinPaiId { get; set; }
        public string PinPaiName { get; set; }
        public List<CheXiForDisplay> CheXis { get; set; }
    }

有關品牌車系分組的：

    public class PinPaiCheXiForDisplay
    {
        public string FirstLetter { get; set; }
        public string Anchor { get; set; }
        public List<PinPaiForDisplay> PinPais { get; set; }
    }

數據源從哪里來？模擬了一個：

    public class Database
    {
        public static IEnumerable<CarCategory> GetAllCarCategories()
        {
            return new List<CarCategory>
            {
                new CarCategory(){Id = 1, ParentId = 0, Name = "奧迪",FirstLetter = "A", AnchorName = "AA", Level = 1, DelFlag = 0},
                new CarCategory(){Id = 2, ParentId = 0, Name = "寶馬",FirstLetter = "B", AnchorName = "BB", Level = 1, DelFlag = 0},
                new CarCategory(){Id = 3, ParentId = 0, Name = "保時捷",FirstLetter = "B", AnchorName = "BB", Level = 1, DelFlag = 0},
                new CarCategory(){Id = 4, ParentId = 0, Name = "長安",FirstLetter = "C", AnchorName = "CC", Level = 1, DelFlag = 0},
                new CarCategory(){Id = 5, ParentId = 0, Name = "大眾",FirstLetter = "D", AnchorName = "DD", Level = 1, DelFlag = 0},
                new CarCategory(){Id = 6, ParentId = 0, Name = "東風",FirstLetter = "D", AnchorName = "DD", Level = 1, DelFlag = 0},
                new CarCategory(){Id = 7, ParentId = 0, Name = "豐田",FirstLetter = "F", AnchorName = "FF", Level = 1, DelFlag = 0},
                new CarCategory(){Id = 8, ParentId = 0, Name = "福特",FirstLetter = "F", AnchorName = "FF", Level = 1, DelFlag = 0},
                new CarCategory(){Id = 9, ParentId = 1, Name = "奧迪A4",FirstLetter = "A", AnchorName = "AA", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0},
                new CarCategory(){Id = 10, ParentId = 1, Name = "奧迪A6",FirstLetter = "A", AnchorName = "AA", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0},
                new CarCategory(){Id = 11, ParentId = 2, Name = "寶馬1",FirstLetter = "B", AnchorName = "BB", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0},
                new CarCategory(){Id = 12, ParentId = 2, Name = "寶馬2",FirstLetter = "B", AnchorName = "BB", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0},
                new CarCategory(){Id = 13, ParentId = 3, Name = "保時捷1",FirstLetter = "B", AnchorName = "BB", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0},
                new CarCategory(){Id = 14, ParentId = 3, Name = "保時捷2",FirstLetter = "B", AnchorName = "BB", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0},
                new CarCategory(){Id = 15, ParentId = 4, Name = "長安1",FirstLetter = "C", AnchorName = "CC", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0},
                new CarCategory(){Id = 16, ParentId = 4, Name = "長安2",FirstLetter = "C", AnchorName = "CC", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0},
                new CarCategory(){Id = 17, ParentId = 5, Name = "大眾1",FirstLetter = "D", AnchorName = "DD", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0},
                new CarCategory(){Id = 18, ParentId = 5, Name = "大眾2",FirstLetter = "D", AnchorName = "DD", Level = 2, DelFlag = 1},
                new CarCategory(){Id = 19, ParentId = 6, Name = "東風1",FirstLetter = "D", AnchorName = "DD", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0},
                new CarCategory(){Id = 20, ParentId = 6, Name = "東風2",FirstLetter = "D", AnchorName = "DD", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0},
                new CarCategory(){Id = 21, ParentId = 7, Name = "豐田1",FirstLetter = "F", AnchorName = "FF", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0},
                new CarCategory(){Id = 22, ParentId = 7, Name = "豐田2",FirstLetter = "F", AnchorName = "FF", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0},
                new CarCategory(){Id = 23, ParentId = 8, Name = "福特1",FirstLetter = "F", AnchorName = "AFF", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0},
                new CarCategory(){Id = 24, ParentId = 8, Name = "福特2",FirstLetter = "F", AnchorName = "AFF", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0}
            };
        }
        public static IEnumerable<Car> GetAllCars()
        {
            return new List<Car>
            {
                new Car(){Id = 1, PinPaiId = 1, CheXiId = 9, Name = "奧迪A401"},
                new Car(){Id = 2, PinPaiId = 1, CheXiId = 9, Name = "奧迪A402"},
                new Car(){Id = 3, PinPaiId = 1, CheXiId = 10, Name = "奧迪A601"},
                new Car(){Id = 4, PinPaiId = 1, CheXiId = 10, Name = "奧迪A602"},
                new Car(){Id = 5, PinPaiId = 2, CheXiId = 11, Name = "寶馬101"},
                new Car(){Id = 6, PinPaiId = 2, CheXiId = 11, Name = "寶馬102"},
                new Car(){Id = 7, PinPaiId = 2, CheXiId = 12, Name = "寶馬201"},
                new Car(){Id = 8, PinPaiId = 2, CheXiId = 12, Name = "寶馬202"},
                new Car(){Id = 9, PinPaiId = 3, CheXiId = 13, Name = "保時捷101"},
                new Car(){Id = 10, PinPaiId = 3, CheXiId = 13, Name = "保時捷102"},
                new Car(){Id = 11, PinPaiId = 3, CheXiId = 14, Name = "保時捷201"},
                new Car(){Id = 12, PinPaiId = 3, CheXiId = 14, Name = "保時捷202"},
                new Car(){Id = 13, PinPaiId = 4, CheXiId = 15, Name = "長安101"},
                new Car(){Id = 14, PinPaiId = 4, CheXiId = 15, Name = "長安102"},
                new Car(){Id = 15, PinPaiId = 4, CheXiId = 16, Name = "長安201"},
                new Car(){Id = 16, PinPaiId = 4, CheXiId = 16, Name = "長安202"},
                new Car(){Id = 17, PinPaiId = 5, CheXiId = 17, Name = "大眾101"},
                new Car(){Id = 18, PinPaiId = 5, CheXiId = 17, Name = "大眾102"},
                new Car(){Id = 19, PinPaiId = 5, CheXiId = 18, Name = "大眾201"},
                new Car(){Id = 20, PinPaiId = 5, CheXiId = 18, Name = "大眾202"},
                new Car(){Id = 21, PinPaiId = 6, CheXiId = 19, Name = "東風101"},
                new Car(){Id = 22, PinPaiId = 6, CheXiId = 19, Name = "東風102"},
                new Car(){Id = 23, PinPaiId = 6, CheXiId = 20, Name = "東風201"},
                new Car(){Id = 24, PinPaiId = 6, CheXiId = 20, Name = "東風202"},
                new Car(){Id = 25, PinPaiId = 7, CheXiId = 21, Name = "豐田101"},
                new Car(){Id = 26, PinPaiId = 7, CheXiId = 21, Name = "豐田102"},
                new Car(){Id = 27, PinPaiId = 7, CheXiId = 22, Name = "豐田201"},
                new Car(){Id = 28, PinPaiId = 7, CheXiId = 22, Name = "豐田202"},
                new Car(){Id = 29, PinPaiId = 8, CheXiId = 23, Name = "福特101"},
                new Car(){Id = 30, PinPaiId = 8, CheXiId = 23, Name = "福特102"},
                new Car(){Id = 31, PinPaiId = 8, CheXiId = 24, Name = "福特201"},
                new Car(){Id = 32, PinPaiId = 8, CheXiId = 24, Name = "福特202"}
            };
        }
    }

好，現在可以向控制器要數據了。

   public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            return View();
        }
        //獲取所有首字母以及錨點的json
        public ActionResult GetFirstLettersJson()
        {
            var allCarCategories = Database.GetAllCarCategories();
            var result = from l in allCarCategories
                group l by l.FirstLetter
                into g
                select new {firstletter = g.Key, anchor=g.ToList()[0].AnchorName};
            return Json(result, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
        }
        //獲取按首字母分組后的品牌車系json
        public ActionResult GetPinPaiCheXiJson() 
        {
            var allPinPais = Database.GetAllCarCategories().Where(c => c.Level == 1).OrderBy(c => c.FirstLetter);
            var allPinPaisGroup = from p in allPinPais
                group p by new
                {
                    p.FirstLetter,
                    p.AnchorName
                };
            List<PinPaiCheXiForDisplay> result1 = new List<PinPaiCheXiForDisplay>();
            foreach (var item in allPinPaisGroup)
            {
                //品牌車系
                PinPaiCheXiForDisplay pinPaiCheXiForDisplay = new PinPaiCheXiForDisplay();
                pinPaiCheXiForDisplay.FirstLetter = item.Key.FirstLetter;
                pinPaiCheXiForDisplay.Anchor = item.Key.AnchorName;
                
                //品牌
                List<PinPaiForDisplay> pinPaiForDisplays = new List<PinPaiForDisplay>();
                foreach (var pinpai in item.ToList())
                {
                    PinPaiForDisplay pinPaiForDisplay = new PinPaiForDisplay();
                    pinPaiForDisplay.PinPaiId = pinpai.Id;
                    pinPaiForDisplay.PinPaiName = pinpai.Name;
                    
                    //車系
                    List<CheXiForDisplay> cheXiForDisplays = new List<CheXiForDisplay>();
                    var cheXis = Database.GetAllCarCategories().Where(c => c.ParentId == pinpai.Id).OrderBy(c => c.Id);
                    foreach (var chexi in cheXis)
                    {
                        CheXiForDisplay cheXiForDisplay = new CheXiForDisplay();
                        cheXiForDisplay.CheXiId = chexi.Id;
                        cheXiForDisplay.CheXiName = chexi.Name;
                        cheXiForDisplay.TotalCount = cheXis.Count();
                        cheXiForDisplays.Add(cheXiForDisplay);
                    }
                    pinPaiForDisplay.CheXis = cheXiForDisplays;
                    pinPaiForDisplays.Add(pinPaiForDisplay);
                }
                pinPaiCheXiForDisplay.PinPais = pinPaiForDisplays;
                result1.Add(pinPaiCheXiForDisplay);
            }
            return Json(result1, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
        }
        //根據品牌Id顯示車型
        public ActionResult GetCheXingsByPId(int pid)
        {
            var cars = Database.GetAllCars().Where(c => c.PinPaiId == pid);
            return View(cars);
        }
        //根據車系Id顯示車型
        public ActionResult GetCheXingsByChexiId(int cxid)
        {
            var cars = Database.GetAllCars().Where(c => c.CheXiId == cxid);
            return View(cars);
        }
    }

在Shared/_Layout.cshtml中，該引用的css,js都要引用上。

<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
    <title>@ViewBag.Title</title>
    <link href="~/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css"    />
    @Styles.Render("~/Content/css")
    @RenderSection("styles", required: false)
    @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/jquery")
    <script src="~/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    @RenderBody()
    
    @RenderSection("scripts", required: false)
</body>

Home/Index.cshtml就負責顯示就行了。

@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Index";
    Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";
}
@section styles
{
    <link href="~/Content/sidemenu.css"    />
}
<div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-2 col-lg-2 col-sm-2">
        <!--字母導航開始-->
        <div id="lDaoHang">
        </div>
        <!--字母導航結束-->
        <!--樹開始-->
        <div id="cTreeDiv" style="overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: scroll; height: 550px; width: 99%;">
        </div>
        <!--樹結束-->
        <div>
            <dl id="test"></dl>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-10 col-lg-10 col-sm-10">
        <div class="carContent" id="carContent">
            <iframe id="frameCar" src="" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" height="100%" width="100%" onload="this.height=this.contentWindow.document.documentElement.scrollHeight"></iframe>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
@section scripts
{
    <script src="~/Scripts/jquery.tmpl.min.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        $(function () {
            //加載首字母
            $.getJSON('@Url.Action("GetFirstLettersJson", "Home")', function (data) {
                $('#firstLetterTemplate').tmpl(data).appendTo('#lDaoHang');
            });
            //加載所有品牌車系
            $.getJSON('@Url.Action("GetPinPaiCheXiJson", "Home")', function (data) {
                $('#pinpaiTemplate').tmpl(data).appendTo('#cTreeDiv');
                $('.pLink').each(function () {
                    pinPaiInitialState($(this));
                });
            });
            //隱藏ifame所在div
            $("#carContent").css("display", "none");
            //點擊品牌
            $('#cTreeDiv').on("click", ".pLink", function () {
                //切換
                togglePinPaiState($(this));
                //顯示右邊區域
                var url = "/Home/GetCheXingsByPId?pid=" + $(this).attr('id');
                $("#frameCar").attr("src", url);
                $("#carContent").css("display", "block");
            });
            //點擊車系
            $('#cTreeDiv').on("click", ".cxLink", function () {
                //顯示右邊區域
                var url = "/Home/GetCheXingsByChexiId?cxid=" + $(this).attr('id');
                $("#frameCar").attr("src", url);
                $("#carContent").css("display", "block");
            });
        });
        //品牌的初始狀態,即把車系隱藏和品牌前面的圖標為+號
        var pstate = 0;
        //品牌只有2種狀態：所有車系隱藏，品牌前面的圖標變為為+號；要么顯示品牌下的所有車系，品牌前面的圖標變為-號
        //把車系隱藏和品牌前面的圖標為+號，記為狀態0
        //把車系隱藏和品牌前面的圖標為-號，記為狀態1
        function togglePinPaiState($pinpai) {
            if (pstate == 0) {
                var $i = $pinpai.parent().find("i");
                var attr = $i.attr('class');
                if (typeof attr !== typeof undefined && attr !== false) {
                    $i.removeClass("iconHide");
                }
                $i.addClass("iconShow");
                $pinpai.parent().parent().find("dl").show();
                pstate = 1;
            } else {
                var $j = $pinpai.parent().find("i");
                var attr1 = $j.attr('class');
                if (typeof attr1 !== typeof undefined && attr1 !== false) {
                    $j.removeClass("iconShow");
                }
                $j.addClass("iconHide");
                $pinpai.parent().parent().find("dl").hide();
                pstate = 0;
            }
        }
        function pinPaiInitialState($pinpai) {
            pstate = 0;
            togglePinPaiState($pinpai);
        }
    </script>
    <!--首字母模版-->
    <script id="firstLetterTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl">
        <div class="lWrapper">
            <a href="#${anchor}"   class="lLink">${firstletter}</a>
        </div>
    </script>
    <!--品牌模版-->
    <script id="pinpaiTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl">
        <div class="lHeader" id="${Anchor}">${FirstLetter}</div>
        <ul class="uTree">
            {{if PinPais}}
            {{each PinPais}}
            <li>
                <h5 class="font-bold">
                    <a href="javascript:void(0)"     class="pLink" id="${$value.PinPaiId}"><i></i>${$value.PinPaiName}</a>
                </h5>
                <dl>
                    {{tmpl(CheXis) "#chexiTemplate"}}
                </dl>
            </li>
            {{/each}}
            {{else}}
            <li>沒有對應品牌</li>
            {{/if}}
                
        </ul>
    </script>
    <!--車系模版-->
    <script id="chexiTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl">
        <dd><a id="${CheXiId}" href="javascript:void(0)"     class="cxLink">${CheXiName}<em>(${TotalCount})</em></a></dd>
    </script>
}

以上，

  • 從控制器返回的有關樹形菜單的json數據，先填充到jquery.tmpl.min.js模版中，然后追加到頁面上。
  • 樹形菜單的展開或收縮，通過全局變量pstate在0和1之間的切換來實現，頁面初次加載給變量pstate一個初始值。

另外，點擊樹形導航上的品牌，iframe加載的視圖是Home/GetCheXingsByPId.cshtml

@model IEnumerable<MvcApplication1.Models.Car>
@{
    ViewBag.Title = "GetCheXingsByPId";
    Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";
}
<h2>GetCheXingsByPId</h2>
<div>
    @foreach (var item in Model)
    {
        <p>@item.Name </p>
    
    }
</div>

點擊樹形導航上的車系，iframe加載的視圖是Home/GetCheXingsByChexiId.cshtml

@model IEnumerable<MvcApplication1.Models.Car>
@{
    ViewBag.Title = "GetCheXingsByChexiId";
    Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";
}
<h2>GetCheXingsByChexiId</h2>
<div>
    @foreach (var item in Model)
    {
        <p>@item.Name </p>
    
    }
</div>

就這樣。

原文鏈接：https://www.cnblogs.com/darrenji/p/4364783.html

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