#ifndef Stack_H
#define Stack_H
#include "throw.h"
// throw.h里面定義了一個ThrowException拋異常的宏,如下所示:
//#include 
//using namespace std;
//#define ThrowException(errMsg)  {cout<<__FILE__<<" LINE"<<__LINE__<<": "<
class Stack : public Vector
{
public:
    T pop()
    {
        if(Vector::isEmpty()) {        // 如果棧為空,則拋異常
            ThrowException("Stack is empty ...");
        }
        T t = Vector::data()[Vector::length() - 1];
        Vector::resize(Vector::length() - 1);
        return  t;
    }
    // 入棧,實際就是append尾部添加成員
    void push(const T &t)
    {
        Vector::append(t);
    }
    T &top()
    {
        if(Vector::isEmpty()) {
            ThrowException("Stack is empty ...");
        }
        return Vector::data()[Vector::length() - 1];
    }
    const T &top() const
    {
        if(Vector::isEmpty()) {
            ThrowException("Stack is empty ...");
        }
        return Vector::data()[Vector::length() - 1];
    }
};
#endif // Stack_H

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    Stack stack;
    cout<<"******* current length:"<