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python神經網絡MobileNet模型的復現詳解_python

作者：Bubbliiiing ? 更新時間： 2022-06-30 編程語言

什么是MobileNet模型

MobileNet是一種輕量級網絡，相比于其它結構網絡，它不一定是最準的，但是它真的很輕

MobileNet模型是Google針對手機等嵌入式設備提出的一種輕量級的深層神經網絡，其使用的核心思想便是depthwise separable convolution。

對于一個卷積點而言：

假設有一個3×3大小的卷積層，其輸入通道為16、輸出通道為32。具體為，32個3×3大小的卷積核會遍歷16個通道中的每個數據，最后可得到所需的32個輸出通道，所需參數為16×32×3×3=4608個。

應用深度可分離卷積，用16個3×3大小的卷積核分別遍歷16通道的數據，得到了16個特征圖譜。在融合操作之前，接著用32個1×1大小的卷積核遍歷這16個特征圖譜，所需參數為16×3×3+16×32×1×1=656個。

可以看出來depthwise separable convolution可以減少模型的參數。

如下這張圖就是depthwise separable convolution的結構

在建立模型的時候，可以使用Keras中的DepthwiseConv2D層實現深度可分離卷積，然后再利用1x1卷積調整channels數。

通俗地理解就是3x3的卷積核厚度只有一層，然后在輸入張量上一層一層地滑動，每一次卷積完生成一個輸出通道，當卷積完成后，在利用1x1的卷積調整厚度。

如下就是MobileNet的結構，其中Conv dw就是分層卷積，在其之后都會接一個1x1的卷積進行通道處理，

MobileNet網絡部分實現代碼

#-------------------------------------------------------------#
#   MobileNet的網絡部分
#-------------------------------------------------------------#
import warnings
import numpy as np
from keras.preprocessing import image
from keras.models import Model
from keras.layers import DepthwiseConv2D,Input,Activation,Dropout,Reshape,BatchNormalization,GlobalAveragePooling2D,GlobalMaxPooling2D,Conv2D
from keras.applications.imagenet_utils import decode_predictions
from keras import backend as K
def MobileNet(input_shape=[224,224,3],
              depth_multiplier=1,
              dropout=1e-3,
              classes=1000):
    img_input = Input(shape=input_shape)
    # 224,224,3 -> 112,112,32
    x = _conv_block(img_input, 32, strides=(2, 2))
    # 112,112,32 -> 112,112,64
    x = _depthwise_conv_block(x, 64, depth_multiplier, block_id=1)
    # 112,112,64 -> 56,56,128
    x = _depthwise_conv_block(x, 128, depth_multiplier,
                              strides=(2, 2), block_id=2)
    # 56,56,128 -> 56,56,128
    x = _depthwise_conv_block(x, 128, depth_multiplier, block_id=3)
    # 56,56,128 -> 28,28,256
    x = _depthwise_conv_block(x, 256, depth_multiplier,
                              strides=(2, 2), block_id=4)
    # 28,28,256 -> 28,28,256
    x = _depthwise_conv_block(x, 256, depth_multiplier, block_id=5)
    # 28,28,256 -> 14,14,512
    x = _depthwise_conv_block(x, 512, depth_multiplier,
                              strides=(2, 2), block_id=6)
    # 14,14,512 -> 14,14,512
    x = _depthwise_conv_block(x, 512, depth_multiplier, block_id=7)
    x = _depthwise_conv_block(x, 512, depth_multiplier, block_id=8)
    x = _depthwise_conv_block(x, 512, depth_multiplier, block_id=9)
    x = _depthwise_conv_block(x, 512, depth_multiplier, block_id=10)
    x = _depthwise_conv_block(x, 512, depth_multiplier, block_id=11)
    # 14,14,512 -> 7,7,1024
    x = _depthwise_conv_block(x, 1024, depth_multiplier,
                              strides=(2, 2), block_id=12)
    x = _depthwise_conv_block(x, 1024, depth_multiplier, block_id=13)
    # 7,7,1024 -> 1,1,1024
    x = GlobalAveragePooling2D()(x)
    x = Reshape((1, 1, 1024), name='reshape_1')(x)
    x = Dropout(dropout, name='dropout')(x)
    x = Conv2D(classes, (1, 1),padding='same', name='conv_preds')(x)
    x = Activation('softmax', name='act_softmax')(x)
    x = Reshape((classes,), name='reshape_2')(x)
    inputs = img_input
    model = Model(inputs, x, name='mobilenet_1_0_224_tf')
    model_name = 'mobilenet_1_0_224_tf.h5'
    model.load_weights(model_name)
    return model
def _conv_block(inputs, filters, kernel=(3, 3), strides=(1, 1)):
    x = Conv2D(filters, kernel,
               padding='same',
               use_bias=False,
               strides=strides,
               name='conv1')(inputs)
    x = BatchNormalization(name='conv1_bn')(x)
    return Activation(relu6, name='conv1_relu')(x)
def _depthwise_conv_block(inputs, pointwise_conv_filters,
                          depth_multiplier=1, strides=(1, 1), block_id=1):
    x = DepthwiseConv2D((3, 3),
                        padding='same',
                        depth_multiplier=depth_multiplier,
                        strides=strides,
                        use_bias=False,
                        name='conv_dw_%d' % block_id)(inputs)
    x = BatchNormalization(name='conv_dw_%d_bn' % block_id)(x)
    x = Activation(relu6, name='conv_dw_%d_relu' % block_id)(x)
    x = Conv2D(pointwise_conv_filters, (1, 1),
               padding='same',
               use_bias=False,
               strides=(1, 1),
               name='conv_pw_%d' % block_id)(x)
    x = BatchNormalization(name='conv_pw_%d_bn' % block_id)(x)
    return Activation(relu6, name='conv_pw_%d_relu' % block_id)(x)
def relu6(x):
    return K.relu(x, max_value=6)

圖片預測

建立網絡后，可以用以下的代碼進行預測。

def preprocess_input(x):
    x /= 255.
    x -= 0.5
    x *= 2.
    return x
if __name__ == '__main__':
    model = MobileNet(input_shape=(224, 224, 3))
    img_path = 'elephant.jpg'
    img = image.load_img(img_path, target_size=(224, 224))
    x = image.img_to_array(img)
    x = np.expand_dims(x, axis=0)
    x = preprocess_input(x)
    print('Input image shape:', x.shape)
    preds = model.predict(x)
    print(np.argmax(preds))
    print('Predicted:', decode_predictions(preds, 1))

預測所需的已經訓練好的Xception模型可以在https://github.com/fchollet/deep-learning-models/releases下載。非常方便。預測結果為：

Predicted: [[('n02504458', 'African_elephant', 0.7590296)]]

原文鏈接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44791964/article/details/102819915

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